The effects of local neighbourhood diversity on pest and disease damage of trees in a young experimental forest

Setiawan, Nuri Nurlaila; Vanhellemont, Margot; Baeten, Lander; Dillen, Mathias; Verheyen, Kris

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.032

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Contrary to previous studies reporting an effect of tree composition or diversity on insect herbivores associated with oaks (Alalouni, Brandl, Auge, & Schädler, 2014;Castagneyrol et al, 2013;Setiawan et al, 2014), we observed no difference in insect herbivory among different neighbor identities. Two main mechanisms have been proposed to explain why herbivory should vary with the composition of forests: (1) The probability of a tree being colonized by herbivores (i.e., its apparency, frequency, and concentration) may depend on the diversity and identity of its neighbors (Barbosa et al, 2009;Castagneyrol et al, 2013;Hambäck, Inouye, Andersson, & Underwood, 2014;Setiawan et al, 2016) and (2) the abundance and activity of herbivore enemies may change with forest composition and structure (Muiruri et al, 2016;Riihimäki et al, 2004;Schuldt et al, 2011).…”

Section: Oak Neighbor Identity Had Weak Indirect Traitmediated Effecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Bottom‐up and top‐down effects of tree species diversity on leaf insect herbivory

Castagneyrol

Bonal

Damien

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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The diversity of plant neighbors commonly results in direct, bottom‐up effects on herbivore ability to locate their host, and in indirect effects on herbivores involving changes in plant traits and a top‐down control by their enemies. Yet, the relative contribution of bottom‐up and top‐down forces remains poorly understood. We also lack knowledge on the effect of abiotic constraints such as summer drought on the strength and direction of these effects. We measured leaf damage on pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), alone or associated with birch, pine or both in a long‐term tree diversity experiment (ORPHEE), where half of the plots were irrigated while the other half remained without irrigation and received only rainfall. We tested three mechanisms likely to explain the effects of oak neighbors on herbivory: (1) Direct bottom‐up effects of heterospecific neighbors on oak accessibility to herbivores, (2) indirect bottom‐up effects of neighbors on the expression of leaf traits, and (3) top‐down control of herbivores by predators. Insect herbivory increased during the growth season but was independent of neighbor identity and irrigation. Specific leaf area, leaf toughness, and thickness varied with neighbor identity while leaf dry matter content or C:N ratio did not. When summarized in a principal component analysis (PCA), neighbor identity explained 87% of variability in leaf traits. PCA axes partially predicted herbivory. Despite greater rates of attack on dummy caterpillars in irrigated plots, avian predation, and insect herbivory remained unrelated. Our study suggests that neighbor identity can indirectly influence insect herbivory in mixed forests by modifying leaf traits. However, we found only partial evidence for these trait‐mediated effects and suggest that more attention should be paid to some unmeasured plant traits such as secondary metabolites, including volatile organic compounds, to better anticipate the effects of climate change on plant‐insect interactions in the future.

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Section: Oak Neighbor Identity Had Weak Indirect Traitmediated Effecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Bottom‐up and top‐down effects of tree species diversity on leaf insect herbivory

Castagneyrol

Bonal

Damien

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…It is not yet clear to what degree tree species diversity reduces herbivory by insects. While the enemies' hypothesis suggests that more diverse forests host a higher diversity or abundance of predators, it remains to be investigated under which conditions this applies to forests (Schuldt et al, 2011;Setiawan et al, 2014;Haase et al, 2015;Castagneyrol et al, 2017).…”

Section: No Information Analysis Of Latewood Carbon Isotope Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and forest productivity in a changing climate

2018

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Contents Summary 50 I. Introduction 50 II. Drivers of the diversity-productivity relationship 51 III. Patterns of the diversity-productivity relationship 55 IV. Responses of mixed stands to climate change 57 V. Conclusions 60 Acknowledgements 61 References 61 SUMMARY: Although the relationship between species diversity and biomass productivity has been extensively studied in grasslands, the impact of tree species diversity on forest productivity, as well as the main drivers of this relationship, are still under discussion. It is widely accepted that the magnitude of the relationship between tree diversity and forest stand productivity is context specific and depends on environmental conditions, but the underlying mechanisms of this relationship are still not fully understood. Competition reduction and facilitation have been identified as key mechanisms driving the diversity-productivity relationship. However, contrasting results have been reported with respect to the extent to which competition reduction and facilitation determine the diversity-productivity relationship. They appear to depend on regional climate, soil fertility, functional diversity of the tree species involved, and developmental stage of the forest. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge and to suggest a conceptual framework to explain the various processes leading to higher productivity of species-rich forests compared with average yields of their respective monocultures. This framework provides three pathways for possible development of the diversity-productivity relationship under a changing climate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stand composition, the particular tree species assemblages, has been therefore suggested to be more important for reducing fungal disease than strictly the number of tree species (Setiawan et al 2014) as already demonstrated with pest damage (e.g., Jactel and Brockerhoff 2007;Sobek et al 2009). The functional composition is particularly important; for example, whether the associated tree species belong to the same class (i.e., broadleaved trees or conifers (Jactel and Brockerhoff 2007)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal disease incidence along tree diversity gradients depends on latitude in European forests

Nguyen

Castagneyrol

Bruelheide

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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European forests host a diversity of tree species that are increasingly threatened by fungal pathogens, which may have cascading consequences for forest ecosystems and their functioning. Previous experimental studies suggest that foliar and root pathogen abundance and disease severity decrease with increasing tree species diversity, but evidences from natural forests are rare. Here, we tested whether foliar fungal disease incidence was negatively affected by tree species diversity in different forest types across Europe. We measured the foliar fungal disease incidence on 16 different tree species in 209 plots in six European countries, representing a forest‐type gradient from the Mediterranean to boreal forests. Forest plots of single species (monoculture plots) and those with different combinations of two to five tree species (mixed species plots) were compared. Specifically, we analyzed the influence of tree species richness, functional type (conifer vs. broadleaved) and phylogenetic diversity on overall fungal disease incidence. The effect of tree species richness on disease incidence varied with latitude and functional type. Disease incidence tended to increase with tree diversity, in particular in northern latitudes. Disease incidence decreased with tree species richness in conifers, but not in broadleaved trees. However, for specific damage symptoms, no tree species richness effects were observed. Although the patterns were weak, susceptibility of forests to disease appears to depend on the forest site and tree type.

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The effects of local neighbourhood diversity on pest and disease damage of trees in a young experimental forest

Cited by 39 publications

References 36 publications

Bottom‐up and top‐down effects of tree species diversity on leaf insect herbivory

Bottom‐up and top‐down effects of tree species diversity on leaf insect herbivory

Diversity and forest productivity in a changing climate

Fungal disease incidence along tree diversity gradients depends on latitude in European forests

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