The effects of load and substrate hardness on the development and maintenance of wear-protective layers during sliding at elevated temperatures

Stott, F.H.; Jordan, Manfred

doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(01)00601-9

Cited by 107 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…On the other hand, the Cr 2 O 3 oxide debris was pressed and sintered on the surface of the HSS pin and formed a glaze layer (Fig. 11a and b), which is beneficial for reducing friction and wear [40,9,[41][42][43] and the wear track of the disc showed a metallic colour and some black wear particles, definitely Cr 2 O 3 , were located in the worn track and on the surface of the disc. The disc material was transferred to the pin surface because there was no protection against metal-to-metal contact because of the breakdown of the oxide scale on the disc surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wear mechanism under such a high load would similar to the frictional condition of the pin on the clean disc. Stott et al [43] have investigated the breakdown of wear-protective oxide 'glaze' layers which depend on the load and the substrate hardness but it should be noted that oxide scale on the pre-oxidised disc is not a 'glaze' layer from the compaction of wear particle debris. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of Cr-Rich Oxide Scale on Sliding Wear Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel at High Temperature

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

L. (2016). Influence of Cr-Rich oxide scale on sliding wear mechanism of ferritic stainless steel at high temperature. Tribology Letters, 63 (2), 1-13.Influence of Cr-Rich oxide scale on sliding wear mechanism of ferritic stainless steel at high temperature AbstractThe tribological tests of a ferritic stainless steel (FSS) 445 in contact with high-speed steel (HSS) were performed on a high-temperature pin-on-disc tribometer. Wear exhibited significant difference when the FSS 445 was oxidised with a Cr-rich oxide scale on the surface. The HSS pin displayed adhesive wear when there was no oxide scale on the stainless steel disc, and in the early stages, the coefficient of friction fluctuated significantly, but the level of wear changed as Cr2O3 particles formed. The wear was then reduced, and the coefficient of friction remained stable. The Cr-rich oxide scale which formed on the stainless steel was able to stabilise the coefficient of friction, to reduce the wear rate and to help form a glazed layer on the HSS surface. The abrasive wear of the HSS pin took place at 850 °C, indicating that the hardness of the Cr-rich oxide scale increased as the temperature decreased. AbstractThe tribological tests of a ferritic stainless steel (FSS) 445 in contact with high speed steel (HSS)were performed on a high temperature pin-on-disc tribometer. Wear exhibited significant difference when the FSS 445 was oxidised with a Cr-rich oxide scale on the surface. The HSS pin displayed adhesive wear when there was no oxide scale on the stainless steel disc and in the early stages, the coefficient of friction fluctuated significantly but the level of wear changed as Cr 2 O 3 particles formed. The wear was then reduced and the coefficient of friction remained stable. The Cr-rich oxide scale which formed on the stainless steel was able to stabilize the coefficient of friction, to reduce the wear rate and to help form a glazed layer on the HSS surface. The abrasive wear of the HSS pin took place at 850 °C, indicating that the hardness of the Cr-rich oxide scale increased as the temperature decreased.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Cr-Rich Oxide Scale on Sliding Wear Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel at High Temperature

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was also noted that conventionally cast iron experienced more extensive carbide cracking and higher depth below the worn surface with cracked carbide compared to spray formed cast iron. The observation of Stott and Jordan [11] indicated wear protective layer formation at 600 8C and failure of generation of such layer in some cases at lower temperature. Other work discussed similar features on elevated temperature wear of metal matrix composites [12,13] or abrasive wear of metallic materials at elevated temperature [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of mating surface on the high temperature wear of 253 MA alloy

Roy

Pauschitz

Wernisch

et al. 2004

Materials & Corrosion

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The wear behaviour of metallic material is influenced by the friction force, which in turn, is governed by the hardness and oxidation kinetics of the mating surface. In view of this, present investigation is undertaken to find the influence of mating surface on the high temperature wear of 253 MA alloy. This alloy is developed for high temperature application. In this work 253 MA alloy is made to slide against two different types of counter face material, namely 100Cr6 steel and PM 1000 alloy, at five different temperatures. 100Cr6 steel gets soften with increase of temperature whereas PM 1000 alloy retains its strength even at high temperature. The friction coefficient and the thickness loss of 253 MA alloy is measured and compared against both variety of mating surfaces as function of temperatures. The morphology of the worn surfaces and the transverse section of the worn surfaces are examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) to identify the material removal mechanisms. The results showed that the friction coefficient of test material against PM 1000 alloy is around 40% higher than the friction coefficient against 100Cr6 steel. The transverse section of the worn surface showed presence of a transfer layer, mechanically mixed layer and composite layer, which govern the wear behaviour particularly at elevated temperature. The chemical characteristics of these layers are dependent on the test temperature and the counter face material.

show abstract

“…The formation of wear protective layers is not controlled by oxidation but is closely related to the adhesion between the debris particles within the wear surfaces, which has been observed over temperatures from 20-600°C (68-1112°F) for like-on-like specimen combinations. (96) Substrate hardness may also affect establishment of the wear-protective layer since the rubbing surfaces become closer as the substrate hardness decreases, thereby increasing the removal probability of wear debris particles; this may make it more difficult to establish the wear-protective layer.…”

Section: Wearmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size of wear debris particles tend to increase with increasing load. (96) Also, the critical particle size needed to establish a stable wear-protective layer decreases with increasing load, while the rubbing surfaces become closer; both effects increase the removal probability of debris particles from the rubbing surfaces. An optimum mean particle diameter can be calculated for a given theoretical surface and environment, but there is a more complex interdependence between particle size, its hardness, and the anti-wear characteristics of the suspension.…”

Section: Wearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Comparison of Traditional and Advanced Firearm Coatings

Boban¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of load and substrate hardness on the development and maintenance of wear-protective layers during sliding at elevated temperatures

Cited by 107 publications

References 13 publications

Influence of Cr-Rich Oxide Scale on Sliding Wear Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel at High Temperature

Influence of Cr-Rich Oxide Scale on Sliding Wear Mechanism of Ferritic Stainless Steel at High Temperature

Effect of mating surface on the high temperature wear of 253 MA alloy

Tribological Comparison of Traditional and Advanced Firearm Coatings

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About