The Effects of Liquid Disinfection and Heat Sterilization Processes on Implant Drill Roughness: Energy Dispersion X-ray Microanalysis and Infrared Thermography

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate effects on stainless steel (SS) and zirconia implant drills of 50 cycles of sterilization through different processes. Methods: A total of 24 SS and 24 zirconia drills were treated with 3 different sterilization processes: 50 cycles of immersion in glutaraldehyde 2%, 50 cycles in 6% hydrogen peroxide and 50 cycles of heat. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to compare the effect of the different treatments compared to new untreated controls. Infrared thermography was used to measure the increase of temperature during drilling on bone ribs. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to measure the roughness of the samples. Results: Zirconia drills seem not to be affected by the different treatments; no significant differences were found with EDX nor through thermography controls. SS drills were affected by the different treatments, as confirmed by the increased roughness of the SS samples after all the cycles of sterilization/disinfection, measured at SEM. On the contrary, the zirconia drills roughness was not particularly affected by the chemical and thermal cycles. Significant differences were observed regarding the temperature, between steel and zirconia drills (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The disinfection agents had a weak impact on the temperature changes during implant bone preparation, while heat sterilization processes had no effect on either of the drills evaluated. The disinfection agents increased the roughness of the steel drills, while they had no effect on the zirconia drills.

Osseodensification Drilling vs. Standard Protocol of Implant Site Preparation: An In Vitro Study on Polyurethane Foam Sheets

“…Prosthesis 2020, 1, FOR PEER REVIEW 2 The most used materials for implant drills is steel cooled with saline irrigation, but also zirconia drills have been proposed to decrease the temperature generated during implant osteotomy [14,15].…”

Facial Skin Temperature and Discomfort When Wearing Protective Face Masks: Thermal Infrared Imaging Evaluation and Hands Moving the Mask

“…Pulmonary, cardiac, and metabolic pathologies could greatly influence the results of this study. In the present study, we used thermal infrared imaging because this technique is extensively used for evaluating the superficial temperature of bone [ 12 ], facial skin [ 13 ], and oral mucosae [ 14 ].…”

Disinfection of Stethoscope and Non-Infrared Thermometer: Practices of Physicians in Ethiopia in the Era of COVID-19

“…As the person-to-person transmission of novel coronavirus has been outlined in the hospital settings, 36 consistent and correct stethoscope disinfection should be observed after each use on patients. [37][38][39][40][41] Interestingly, technological advancements in the area of single-use aseptic diaphragm barriers provide…”