The effects of lignan-riched extract of Shisandra chinensis on amyloid-β-induced cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity in the cortex and hippocampus of mouse

Schisandrin A and B affect subventricular zone neurogenesis in mouse

“…S. chinensis has been widely used as a tonic and "super drug" for brain in the traditional Chinese medicine for preventing brain disorders, improving cognitive function and reversing induced amnesia (Hsieh et al, 2001;Kang et al, 2005;Xu et al, 2012;Jeong et al, 2013), and also are used as a dietary supplement in the United States (Hu et al, 2012a). Sch B is one of the most abundant dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans extracted from S. chinensis and a main effective compound of this herb, which possesses diverse biological activities especially neuroprotection as described previously.…”

“…Our results demonstrated a completely opposite effect of these two lignans on the survival of TH þ , CalB þ and CalR þ cells, the main interneurons in GL and GCL of the OB: that Sch A decreased the TH þ and CalB þ cells, whereas Sch B increased the CalB þ and CalR þ cells. The promoting effects of Sch B on the survival of OB interneurons could be readily explained by its neuroprotective functions like anti-neuroinflammation (Guo et al, 2008;Zeng et al, 2012), antioxidation (Giridharan et al, 2012;Ichikawa et al, 2006;Ko and Lam, 2002;Konishi, 2009), anti-neurotoxicity (Giridharan et al, 2012;Jeong et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2004) and anti-memory impairment (Giridharan et al, 2011;Hu et al, 2012a;Kang et al, 2005). It was showed that the other components of S. chinensis also have neuroprotective functions in diseases of central nervous system.…”

“…Previous animal studies showed that the extracts of S. chinensis can improve cognitive functions (Hsieh et al, 2001;Kang et al, 2005;Xu et al, 2012;Jeong et al, 2013). In vivo studies indicated that administration of herbal prescriptions including S. chinensis or its extract to mice can reduce memory impairment and ameliorate memory deficits (Kang et al, 2005;Giridharan et al, 2011;Hu et al, 2012a;2012b).…”

Enzymatic assays and molecular modeling studies ofSchisandra chinensislignans and phenolics from fruit and leaf extracts

“…CA has been previously reported by Adisakwattana et al 67 to not inhibit glucosidase (45000 mM), so that the observed inhibition activity on a-glucosidase found in our in vitro tests may be probably attributed to kaempferol, which is also present in significant amount in our extracts and its glycosides, which have been found previously to be an effective glucosidase inhibitor (11.6 mM/L) 56 . Tyrosinase is well known to be targeted by lignans 18 . However, some data found in literature report contrasting data; in fact, following the data published by Yan et al 63 cp24 was reported to inhibit tyrosinase, whereas Ye et al 68 reported to be an activator on the same enzyme (enhancement of activity +40%).…”

“…Its fruits are used as tonic, sedative, adaptogenic, and in the treatment of several diseases such as chronic coughs, spontaneous sweating, palpitations, and fatigue 12,13 . Modern research highlighted that S. chinensis has antitumor 14 , antihepatotoxic and hepatoprotective 15,16 , anti-cancer 17 , neuroprotective 18 , anti-diabetic 19 , and antioxidant 17,20 properties. So far, its most important bioactive compounds are thought to be lignans, derivatives of dibenzocyclooctadiene, especially schisandrin (schisandrol A), schisandrol B, schisandrin A and schisandrin B 12,21 which are mainly present in the fruits.…”