The effects of light sources with different spectral structures on ocular axial length in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Timuçin, Özgur Bülent; Arabacı, Muhammed; Cuce, Ferhat; Karataş, Boran; Önalan, Şükrü; Yaşar, Muhterem; Yıldırım, Serkan; Karadağ, Mustafa

doi:10.1016/j.exer.2016.08.018

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…According to previous experiments in a variety of species, wavelength defocus plays an important role in the regulation of eye growth. The results of the current study were similar to other published literature on guinea pigs, [30][31][32][33] fish, 25,26 and chicks. [27][28][29] Wavelength-defocus cues from LCA promote eye growth in green light and inhibit eye growth in blue light, which were in accordance with the LCA-related differences in the focal plane position.…”

Section: Wavelength Defocussupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In contrast to our previous study in rhesus monkeys and other studies on fish, chickens, and guinea pigs, in which longwavelength light was a risk factor for myopia development, [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]37 Smith et al 36 found that monkeys reared in environments dominated by long-wavelength lights exhibited a hyperopic shift compared with monkeys reared in normal environments. Similar results were obtained in tree shrews, with hyperopic shifts in red light and myopic shifts in flickering blue light.…”

contrasting

confidence: 94%

“…30 The effect was reversible when the light conditions were switched. 31,32 Similar findings were reported in fish 25,26 and chicks. [27][28][29] These findings may be used to interpret the potentially protective effects of outdoor environments, since sunlight is much richer in short-wavelength light.…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

“…12,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The spectral composition of ambient light is one of several important cues influencing refractive development. Studies on fish, 25,26 chicks, [27][28][29] guinea pigs, [30][31][32][33] tree shrews, 34,35 and monkeys 36,37 demonstrated that the eye could use wavelength defocus produced by longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) to regulate refractive development. In our previous study, guinea pigs became more myopic in green light and more hyperopic in blue light.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wavelength Defocus and Temporal Sensitivity Affect Refractive Development in Guinea Pigs

Tian

Zou

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. Environmental light plays an important role in the process of emmetropization. This study investigated how the retina integrates wavelength and temporal signals to regulate eye emmetropization. METHODS. Guinea pigs (n ¼ 220) were randomly divided into 11 groups (n ¼ 20/group) that received different environmental lighting (12:12 light cycle) for 8 weeks: white, green, or blue light at steady, 0.5 or 20 Hz. White-steady group was repeated for each wavelength. Refraction, axial length, and corneal curvature were measured using streak retinoscopy, Ascan ultrasonography, and keratometry, respectively, every 2 weeks. RESULTS. (1) In white light, the white-0.5 Hz group was more myopic than the white-steady group or the white-20 Hz group (both P < 0.0001), with a longer axial length (both P < 0.0001). White-20 Hz did not significantly differ from white-steady. (2) At low temporal frequencies (0 and 0.5 Hz), green-steady (P ¼ 0.0008) and green-0.5 Hz (P < 0.0001), were more myopic than the white-steady group, with longer axial lengths (both P < 0.0001). No significant difference was found between green-0.5 Hz and green-steady. Blue-steady and blue-0.5 Hz were more hyperopic than white-steady (both P < 0.0001), with shorter axial lengths (both P < 0.0001). Blue-0.5 Hz showed no significant difference from blue-steady. (3) At high temporal frequencies (20 Hz), green-20 Hz, was more hyperopic than green-steady or green-0.5 Hz (both P < 0.0001) and had a shorter axial length (both P < 0.0001). Green-20 Hz showed a 1.10 D hyperopic shift compared to green-steady. Blue-20 Hz was less hyperopic than blue-steady (P < 0.0001) or blue-0.5 Hz (P ¼ 0.0012), with a longer axial length (both P < 0.0001). Blue-20 Hz showed a 1.18 D myopic shift compared to blue-steady. CONCLUSIONS. Eyes use both wavelength and temporal frequency of light to regulate emmetropization. Their interactions provide different cues to control eye growth. At low temporal frequencies, the eye can use wavelength defocus to guide eye growth. This signal is weakened at high temporal frequencies.

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Section: Wavelength Defocussupporting

confidence: 92%

contrasting

confidence: 94%

supporting

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wavelength Defocus and Temporal Sensitivity Affect Refractive Development in Guinea Pigs

Tian

Zou

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Fish eyes grow throughout life, and have been shown in several species to be affected by changes in the visual environment 100–104. Teleost fish develop FDM and compensate for imposed hyperopic and myopic defocus 101,103.…”

Section: Animal Models Commonly Used In Studies Of Emmetropizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

IMI – Report on Experimental Models of Emmetropization and Myopia

Troilo

Smith

Nickla

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

279

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The results of many studies in a variety of species have significantly advanced our understanding of the role of visual experience and the mechanisms of postnatal eye growth, and the development of myopia. This paper surveys and reviews the major contributions that experimental studies using animal models have made to our thinking about emmetropization and development of myopia. These studies established important concepts informing our knowledge of the visual regulation of eye growth and refractive development and have transformed treatment strategies for myopia. Several major findings have come from studies of experimental animal models. These include the eye's ability to detect the sign of retinal defocus and undergo compensatory growth, the local retinal control of eye growth, regulatory changes in choroidal thickness, and the identification of components in the biochemistry of eye growth leading to the characterization of signal cascades regulating eye growth and refractive state. Several of these findings provided the proofs of concepts that form the scientific basis of new and effective clinical treatments for controlling myopia progression in humans. Experimental animal models continue to provide new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of eye growth control, including the identification of potential new targets for drug development and future treatments needed to stem the increasing prevalence of myopia and the vision-threatening conditions associated with this disease.

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Polymer Co‐Coating of Gold Nanoparticles Enables Their Integration Into Contact Lenses for Stable, Selective Ocular Light Filters

Clasky

Chen

McCabe

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Inter

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animal models, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] potentially by overstimulating long-wavelength (L-)cone cells in the eye. [10] While red-light exposure is considered a plausible factor in myopia progression for humans, [11] empirical evidence is lacking due in part to limited technological capabilities in broadly studying the influence of red-light exposure on humans. Thus, this work focuses on developing a platform technology as selective, tunable red-light filters for the human ocular environment. As the specific wavelength(s) of myopia-associated red light remain unknown in humans, we set out to design wearable light blockers with tunable peak wavelengths between 600 and 800 nm with a narrow bandwidth.Contact lenses are a common ocular prosthetic device worn by over 140 million people globally for vision correction. [12] Contact lenses are generally classified as hard or soft depending on their degree of rigidity. Soft contact lenses, which are comprised of crosslinked hydrophilic polymers that form a water-swollen, flexible hydrogel, make up the vast majority of contact lens sales worldwide. [13] Properties such as water content, wettability, oxygen permeability, and degree of flexibility are influenced by the composition of polymers in the hydrogel, and influence wearer comfort. One widely used hydrogel formulation is etafilcon A, a mixture of (hydroxyethyl)methacrylate (HEMA) and methacrylic acid (MAA). [13] UV light curing initiates free-radical polymerization for etafilcon A, producing an ionic hydrogel matrix with an equilibrium water content (EWC) of 58.5% after hydration. [13] There are three main methods to manufacture contact lenses: lathe cutting, spin casting, and cast molding. [14] Cast molding has emerged as the dominant technology in high-volume lens manufacture and is generally implemented in a continuous, automated production line. [15] This method uses complementary male and female concave molds to shape the liquid monomer mixture, then curing solidifies the material to produce the contact lens. [14,15] For facile incorporation into this process, we envision the mixing of a small volume of our light blocking platform with etafilcon A prior to curing.Many light-blocking strategies have been previously incorporated into contact lenses. Tinted lenses have been developed using both organic dyes [16] and naturally occurring pigments [17] Chronic exposure to long-wavelength (red) light is associated with increased incidence and progression of myopia in preclinical models. Contact lenses are worn worldwide while chronic exposure to red light occurs, presenting a natural platform to mitigate light-induced myopia progression. However, the integration of stable red-light filters into contact lenses remains elusive. Here, bipyramidal gold nanoparticles (BPs) are synthesized as selective, tunable red-light blockers and a surface-modification method is developed to homogeneously embed them within contact lenses during manufacturing. By functionalizing the BPs with a combination of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and methacry...

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The effects of light sources with different spectral structures on ocular axial length in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cited by 14 publications

References 52 publications

Wavelength Defocus and Temporal Sensitivity Affect Refractive Development in Guinea Pigs

Wavelength Defocus and Temporal Sensitivity Affect Refractive Development in Guinea Pigs

IMI – Report on Experimental Models of Emmetropization and Myopia

Polymer Co‐Coating of Gold Nanoparticles Enables Their Integration Into Contact Lenses for Stable, Selective Ocular Light Filters

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