The Effects of Light and the Circadian System on Rhythmic Brain Function

Gall, Charlotte von

doi:10.3390/ijms23052778

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 179 publications

(226 reference statements)

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“…It means that 16 days and night cycles in 24 h. Such a light-dark cycle pattern is inconsistent with the rhythm of human life on the earth. This seriously affects the biological clock of astronauts, resulting in a decline in sleep quality, appetite, learning and memory capacity ( Taillard et al, 2021 ; von Gall, 2022 ). During missions to Mars, the light-dark cycle is variable rather than fixed outside the spacecraft and astronauts will be exposed to artificial light rather than the natural light on earth for a long time in the spacecraft.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Current Overview of the Biological Effects of Combined Space Environmental Factors in Mammals

Pei

2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Distinct from Earth’s environment, space environmental factors mainly include space radiation, microgravity, hypomagnetic field, and disrupted light/dark cycles that cause physiological changes in astronauts. Numerous studies have demonstrated that space environmental factors can lead to muscle atrophy, bone loss, carcinogenesis, immune disorders, vascular function and cognitive impairment. Most current ground-based studies focused on single environmental factor biological effects. To promote manned space exploration, a better understanding of the biological effects of the spaceflight environment is necessary. This paper summarizes the latest research progress of the combined biological effects of double or multiple space environmental factors on mammalian cells, and discusses their possible molecular mechanisms, with the hope of providing a scientific theoretical basis to develop appropriate countermeasures for astronauts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Current Overview of the Biological Effects of Combined Space Environmental Factors in Mammals

Pei

2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…21,22,24 Therefore, pupil dynamics in the neuroICU may have been affected by the neuroICU environment in uencing patients' circadian rhythms. 17,18,[21][22][23][24] Additionally, pupil dynamics during the 24-h cycle could be in uenced by ambient light levels in the neuroICU. Ambient light levels in the neuroICU are usually controlled using arti cial light with minimal impact of sunlight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal variations in quantitative pupillary reactivity in large hemispheric strokes

Kim

Lee

Park

et al. 2022

Preprint

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This study investigated the impact of diurnal variation on quantitative pupillary reactivity in stable patients with large hemispheric strokes. We included 35 patients with large hemispheric stroke without neurological worsening. Quantitative pupillometry was performed every 4 h. Pupillometer values for pupil size, percentage of constriction (%CH), constriction velocity (CV), dilation velocity (DV), and neurological pupil index (NPi) were collected. We evaluated changes in PLR parameters over time using linear mixed model analysis. Among the included patients (n = 35), 951 pupillometer measurements were analyzed. Significant diurnal variations were observed in pupil maximum size, %CH, CV, and DV at 4 AM compared with values at 8 PM. At 4 AM, patients had a significantly larger pupil (right [Rt] 3.59 vs 3.21 mm, P < 0.001; left [Lt] 3.51 vs 3.18 mm, P < 0.001) and higher %CH (Rt 31.48 vs 25.72, P < 0.001; Lt 31.42 vs 24.98, P < 0.001), CV (Rt 1.97 vs 1.68 mm/s, P < 0.001; Lt 1.98 vs 1.65 mm/s, P < 0.001), and DV (Rt 0.97 vs 0.84 mm/s, P < 0.001; Lt 0.94 vs 0.82 mm/s, P = 0.001). Pupillary dynamics demonstrated diurnal variations over 24 h within normal ranges in large hemispheric strokes without neurological worsening.

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“…The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the brain's sensor of light-dark cycles and, therefore, a regulator of circadian rhythm. Light sensed by the SCN modulates sympathetic activity and release of the sleep-promoting hormone melatonin, which, in turn, modulates the production, and release of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormones CRH, ACTH, and cortisol [60]. Some viruses, including the SARS-Cov2 variants, appear to suppress pineal gland production of melatonin which, in turn, disinhibits neutrophil activity thereby contributing to a pro-inflammatory "cytokine storm," thought to be the main source of inflammation and Covid-related tissue damage in Covid19 [61].…”

Section: Neuro-immunologic Effects Of Covid-19 Induced Sleep Disrupti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Stress-Related Sleep Anomaly in Frontline COVID-19 Health Workers: The Possible Underlying Mechanisms

Adeniyi¹,

Awosika²,

Millis³

et al. 2023

Identifying Occupational Stress and Coping Strategies

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COVID-19 is a highly contagious viral illness that has claimed millions of lives worldwide. Since its emergence, it has exerted a negative impact on many sectors globally without the exception of frontline COVID-19 healthcare providers. Specifically, in frontline COVID-19 healthcare workers, occupational stress-related sleep disorders such as insomnia and daytime somnolence have been extensively reported and were characterized by neuro-immunological changes. However, the possible mechanisms that underlie the sleep disorders have not been elucidated. The review was designed to highlight possible sleep mechanisms responsible for insomnia and daytime somnolence reported in frontline COVID-19 health workers. Available evidence shows that emotional perturbation, hypertension, chronobiological disruption and prolonged exposure to artificial light are among the events orchestrating occupational-stress-related sleep disorders in frontline COVID-19 healthcare workers. Anxiety-associated sleep anomaly is attributable to stimulation of the reticular activating system which occurs as a result of activation of noradrenergic fiber and sympatho-adrenal axis. Another mechanism includes depletion of hippocampal and brain glycogen by anxiety-induced activation of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)-secreting brain neurons and hypothalamic-corticotropic-adrenal cortex axis. Spontaneous discharge of noradrenergic fiber during basal state and changes in normal secretory rhythm of hypnosis-related chemical messengers may be responsible for hypertension- and chronobiological disruption-induced sleep disorders, respectively. Lastly, prolonged light exposure-induced suppression of melatonin secretion may elicit disruption of normal circadian sleep.

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The Effects of Light and the Circadian System on Rhythmic Brain Function

Cited by 30 publications

References 179 publications

A Current Overview of the Biological Effects of Combined Space Environmental Factors in Mammals

A Current Overview of the Biological Effects of Combined Space Environmental Factors in Mammals

Diurnal variations in quantitative pupillary reactivity in large hemispheric strokes

Occupational Stress-Related Sleep Anomaly in Frontline COVID-19 Health Workers: The Possible Underlying Mechanisms

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