The Effects of Life Events on Cardiovascular Reactivity to Behavioral Stressors As a Function of Socioeconomic Status, Ethnicity, and Sex

Musante, Linda; Treiber, Frank A.; Kapuku, Gaston; Moore, Donna; Davis, Harry; Strong, William B.

doi:10.1097/00006842-200011000-00004

Cited by 48 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A particularly interesting longitudinal study showed that maternal education was inversely related to childhood resting blood pressure at ages 7 and 9 years, but then had no association among 11-and 15-year-olds (Howe et al 2013). When exposed to an acute stressor, SED adolescents exhibit dampened rather than elevated blood pressure reactivity Musante et al 2000). Other studies have failed to reveal any association between SED and blood pressure reactivity in adolescents (Chen et al 2002).…”

Section: Physiological Systemsmentioning

confidence: 96%

How Socioeconomic Disadvantages Get Under the Skin and into the Brain to Influence Health Development Across the Lifespan

Kim

Evans

Chen

et al. 2017

Handbook of Life Course Health Development

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Socioeconomic disadvantage (SED) has adverse impacts on physical (Adler and Rehkopf 2008; Blair and Raver 2012; Braverman and Egerter 2008; Cohen et al. 2010; Poulton et al. 2002) and psychological (Adler and Rehkopf 2008; Bradley and Corwyn 2002; Grant et al. 2003) health development. SED is similar to low socioeconomic status (SES) which is based on occupation, income, and education or a composite of more than one of these indicators (McLoyd 1998). However, we conceptualize SED more broadly than socioeconomic status to also include subjective perception of social position and contextual indicators of disadvantage, such as neighborhood deprivation. One of the most commonly used SED indicators is poverty, which is calculated using income that falls below an annually adjusted federal poverty line. Some studies suggest independent effects of different SED variables, but each variable tends to be highly correlated with the others; thus, it is often nearly impossible to disentangle independent effects. Therefore, in this chapter, we will review findings on different SED variables but discuss the impact of SED inclusively. In adulthood, SED is assessed based on factors in an individual’s own background such as income, occupation, and education level, whereas in childhood, SED is typically assessed based on these factors for the parents.

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Section: Physiological Systemsmentioning

confidence: 96%

How Socioeconomic Disadvantages Get Under the Skin and into the Brain to Influence Health Development Across the Lifespan

Kim

Evans

Chen

et al. 2017

Handbook of Life Course Health Development

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“…Subsequently, we tested the hypothesis that carriers of the GNB3 825T allele would exhibit high resting BP and exaggerated BP reactivity to behavioral stress. A total of 532 young subjects (268 whites, 264 blacks, aged 20.4 y) performed two acute stressors, including car simulation driving and social competence interview, each of which lasted for 10 minutes [19]. We used a multivariate regression approach and found a significant carrier status by race interaction for resting BP (P < 0.05).…”

Section: Blood Pressure Reactivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on G-protein polymorphisms in hypertension

Zhu

Wang²,

Lu³

et al. 2006

Current Science Inc

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The classic candidate gene approach continues to be the most prevalent tool in the search for the genetic basis of essential hypertension. With the list of candidate genes for this disorder steadily increasing, the pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibitory G protein (Gi) protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) gene has remained "sizzling," challenging the domination of the renin-angiotensin system. Is the genetic variability of GNB3 a causative factor underlying the pathogenesis of essential hypertension? Is the "functional" polymorphism, C825T, only "another" of the countless single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for this disorder after all? As such, does its presence merely reinforce our confidence that essential hypertension is indeed polygenic? Should the C825T polymorphism be used in clinical practice and individualized antihypertensive treatment? Currently, there are still more questions than answers. In this review, in conjunction with our own research, we bring readers up to date on the latest developments of GNB3 polymorphisms in the field of hypertension.

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“…14,16 Subjects also completed a brief battery of lifestyle questionnaires assessing stressful life events, physical activity, smoking, drug usage, and anger coping styles. 18,19 Subjects were prepared for the hemodynamic evaluations through the use of the Dinamap vital signs monitor (model 1864SX; Critikon) and the NCCOM-3 (BoMed Medical Manufacturing, Ltd) continuous thoracic bioimpedance monitor, which measured heart rate and cardiac output. An appropriately sized BP cuff was placed on the right arm.…”

Section: Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelin-1 Gene LYS198ASN Polymorphism and Blood Pressure Reactivity

Treiber

Barbeau

Harshfield³

et al. 2003

Hypertension

Self Cite

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Abstract-The Lys198Asn polymorphism of the endothelin-1 gene has been associated with increased blood pressure levels in several studies involving European and Australian adults. The purpose of the present study was to examine the potential moderating influence of ethnicity, obesity, and socioeconomic status on associations between the ET-1/ Lys198Asn polymorphism and hemodynamic function at rest and during two laboratory stressors (video game, forehead cold) in a sample of 161 black and 213 white American normotensive young adults (mean age, 18.5Ϯ2.7 years). Carrier status of the T allele was not associated with resting blood pressure or total peripheral resistance index. However, carriers of the T allele showed greater diastolic blood pressure increases to the video game (PϽ0.04), particularly among those who were obese (PϽ0.02). Carrier status also interacted with socioeconomic status such that T allele carriers who came from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds exhibited the greatest increases in systolic blood pressure to the video game challenge (PϽ0.05). In conclusion, the findings point out the importance of examining the impact of genetic polymorphisms on blood pressure control phenotypes within the context of potentiating environmental factors. Key Words: endothelin Ⅲ genetics Ⅲ blood pressure Ⅲ socioeconomic factors Ⅲ obesity E ndothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. 1 It has been implicated in the development of essential hypertension (EH) because of its vasoconstrictive and hypertrophic actions on vascular function. 2,3 Recent evidence suggests that the role of behavioral stress is pivotal in mediating the adverse effects of ET-1 on vascular function. A 3-minute reaction time task was shown to induce prolonged endothelial dysfunction, which was prevented by a selective endothelin-A receptor antagonist. 4 Light 5 proposed a gene-by-environment interaction model of stress reactivity for EH development. The model is based on animal studies that found frequent stress exposure resulting in periods of elevated blood pressure (BP) eventuates in EH only in conjunction with a genetic predisposition or with additional potentiating environmental factors. 6 Thus, similar to animal model studies, individuals exposed to frequent environmental stress, such as those from lower socioeconomic status (SES) or black Americans, 7,8 who also have a genetic susceptibility for EH (eg, family history of EH, EH candidate gene polymorphisms) or are exposed to other potentiating factors (eg, high salt/fat diet) will be most likely to show the greatest BP reactivity to stress and to eventually have EH.The ET-1 gene is localized on chromosome 6, spans 5.5 kb, and contains 5 exons and 4 introns. It has been identified as a candidate gene for cardiovascular disease, including EH. A G-to-T transversion predicting a lysine-asparagine change at amino acid 198 (Lys198Asn) has been associated with increased resting BP levels in several cohorts of middle-aged adu...

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The Effects of Life Events on Cardiovascular Reactivity to Behavioral Stressors As a Function of Socioeconomic Status, Ethnicity, and Sex

Cited by 48 publications

References 28 publications

How Socioeconomic Disadvantages Get Under the Skin and into the Brain to Influence Health Development Across the Lifespan

How Socioeconomic Disadvantages Get Under the Skin and into the Brain to Influence Health Development Across the Lifespan

Update on G-protein polymorphisms in hypertension

Endothelin-1 Gene LYS198ASN Polymorphism and Blood Pressure Reactivity

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