The Effects of Liberalizing Migration on Permanent Migrants' Education Structure

Huber, Peter; Bock‐Schappelwein, Julia

doi:10.1111/jcms.12097

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In contrast, Huber & Bock-Schappelwein (2014) find that the liberalisation of immigration from European countries into Austria has led to a fall of low-skill immigration compared to other countries.…”

Section: Discussion Of Main Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Which Factors Drive the Skill-Mix of Migrants in the Long-Run?

Beerli

Indergand²

2015

SSRN Journal

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A pervasive, yet little acknowledged feature of international migration to developed countries is that newly arriving immigrants are increasingly highly skilled. This paper analyses the factors affecting the change in the skill composition of immigrants in Switzerland between 1980 and 2010 using a framework suggested by Grogger & Hanson (2011). Our findings suggest that improved schooling in origin countries of immigrants and a shift in the relative demand for highly educated workers in destinations stand out as the two most important drivers. Yet, while improved schooling would predict only a modest increase in the share of highly educated immigrants and a large increase of middle educated immigrants, we show that demand shifts associated with computerisation are crucial to understand why the share of highly educated immigrants increased sharply while the share of middle educated workers merely stabilised. Additionally, our framework allows evaluating the effect of changes in immigration policy. We find that the recent abolition of quotas for workers from European countries through a bilateral agreement with the EU in 2002 had a small but negative effect on the educational quality of immigrants.JEL classification: F22, J61, J24, J31

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Section: Discussion Of Main Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Which Factors Drive the Skill-Mix of Migrants in the Long-Run?

Beerli

Indergand²

2015

SSRN Journal

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“…These findings suggest that the opening of the Swiss labour market had, if anything, an adverse effect on the skill composition of immigrants. In contrast, Huber & Bock-Schappelwein (2014) find that the liberalisation of immigration from European countries into Austria has led to a fall of low-skill immigration compared to other countries.…”

Section: Discussion Of Main Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Among the only two studies investigating the effects of the policy on the skill compositions directly, Kato & Sparber (2013) find that the general reduction in the number of available H-1B visas in 2003 in the U.S. disproportionally discouraged high-ability students from pursuing an education at U.S. universities. 42 On the other hand, Huber & Bock-Schappelwein (2014) find that Austria's accession to the European Economic Area (EEA) in 1994 and the related full liberalisation of immigration from European countries reduced the share of low educated permanent immigrants from the EEA compared to other countries.…”

Section: Measuring the Effect Of Changes To Immigration Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They argue that the reduced working opportunities after graduation might have deterred high ability students more than lower ability students who would not have been able to apply for an H1B visa anyway. Huber & Bock-Schappelwein (2014), on the other hand, find that Austria's accession to the European Economic Area (EEA) in 1994 and the associated integration of the labour market reduced the share of poorly educated immigrants from the EU compared to other countries. As Huber & Bock-Schappelwein (2014) point out, immigrants to Austria prior to 1994 were negatively selected due to the low returns to education in Austria compared to other European countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Huber & Bock-Schappelwein (2014), on the other hand, find that Austria's accession to the European Economic Area (EEA) in 1994 and the associated integration of the labour market reduced the share of poorly educated immigrants from the EU compared to other countries. As Huber & Bock-Schappelwein (2014) point out, immigrants to Austria prior to 1994 were negatively selected due to the low returns to education in Austria compared to other European countries. Thus, the liberalisation of the labour market access had the strongest effect on middle skilled foreign workers for 7 The cautious interpretation of this effect has to acknowledge the fact that applicants for residency permits from non-EU countries have been subject to quotas and skill requirements since the early 1990s: ''In deciding whether to grant residence permits, the professional qualifications of applicants and their professional and social adaptability, language skills and age must also indicate that there is a prospect of lasting integration in the Swiss job market and the social environment'' (Bundesbehörden, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Which Factors Drive the Skill-Mix of Migrants in the Long-Run?

Beerli

Indergand

2014

SSRN Journal

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A pervasive, yet little acknowledged feature of international migration to developed countries is that newly arriving immigrants are increasingly highly skilled since the 1980s. This paper analyses the determinants of changes in the skill composition of immigrants using a framework suggested by Grogger & Hanson (2011). We focus on Switzerland, which continuously showed very high immigration rates and dramatic changes in the skill composition of immigrants. In addition, the recent integration of Switzerland into the European labour market in 2002 serves as a policy experiment which allows analysing the influence of a reduction on immigration restrictions on immigrants from European countries in comparison to those from other countries. Our findings suggest that changes of education supply in origin countries and shifts to the relative demand for education groups stand out as the two most important drivers. Yet, while supply alone predicts only a modest increase in the case of highly educated workers and a large increase of middle educated workers, one particular demand channel, the polarisation of labour demand induced by the adoption of computer capital, is crucial to explain the sharp increase in highly educated workers and the mere stabilisation of the share of middle educated immigrant workers. The abolition of quotas for EU residents played a smaller role, yet may have slightly reduced the high skill share among immigrants relative to immigrants from other countries.JEL classification: F22, J61, J24, J31

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Liberalization of European migration and the immigration of skilled people to Sweden

Ejermo

Zheng

2018

IZA J Develop Migration

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Migration policies can have a strong impact on the selection of immigrants, who in turn can affect the host country's innovation development. This paper examines the effects of the liberalization of migration on the skill composition of immigrants from the EU-15 to Sweden after the inception of the European Economic Area (EEA) in 1994. We examine its effect on immigrants' education levels and probability of becoming an inventor, comparing immigrants from the EU-15 with those from other developed regions in difference-indifferences regressions. The results show that the liberalization of migration had a negative effect on the educational profile of new EU-15 immigrants in the short run, but there is no such effect in the long run. Moreover, the liberalization of migration has no systematic effect on the EU-15 immigrants' probability of becoming an inventor in neither the short nor the long run. These patterns are consistent with the theoretical implication that reduction in migration costs associated with the EEA mainly stimulated migration from the lower end of the education distribution.

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The Effects of Liberalizing Migration on Permanent Migrants' Education Structure

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Which Factors Drive the Skill-Mix of Migrants in the Long-Run?

Which Factors Drive the Skill-Mix of Migrants in the Long-Run?

Which Factors Drive the Skill-Mix of Migrants in the Long-Run?

Liberalization of European migration and the immigration of skilled people to Sweden

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