The effects of lead (Pb) and pest damage on soil enzyme activities, pakchoi and Spodoptera litura performance
Huiyang Liu,
Yimeng Shi,
Yuxuan Zou
et al.
Abstract:Plant–soil interactions have bottom–up and top–down effects within a plant community. Heavy metal pollution can change plant–soil interactions, directly influence bottom–up effects and indirectly affect herbivores within the community. In turn, herbivores can affect plant–soil interactions through top–down effects. However, the combined effects of heavy metals and herbivores on soil enzymes, plants and herbivores have rarely been reported. Therefore, the effects of lead (Pb), Spodoptera litura and their combin… Show more
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