The effects of knee extensor and flexor muscle training on the timed‐up‐and‐go test in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Specific knee muscle training can be administered safely in people with non-acute rheumatoid arthritis, and may produce functional benefits.

A systematic review of the effects of dynamic exercise in rheumatoid arthritis

“…23 The intervention was concentric quadriceps and hamstring training. Sessions were performed every three days for a total of six weeks, completing 14 sessions in total.…”

“…[15][16][17][18][19] Significant differences between the exercise and control groups were seen for ESR (- 23 She also reports significant improvements in knee flexor and extensor torque in the exercise group compared with the controls.…”

Resistance Training for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Effects on Disability, Rheumatoid Cachexia, and Osteoporosis; and Recommendations for Prescription

“…Consistent with the increases in strength are reports of improvements in physical function assessed objectively (e.g. walk tests, stair climbing, bench stepping, balance/coordination, hand-grip strength, timed up and go, vertical jump, 30-sec arm curl test, chair test, aerobic capacity; Ekdahl et al, 1990;Hakkinen et al, 1994Hakkinen et al, , 1999Hakkinen et al, , 2003Hakkinen et al, , 2004aHakkinen et al, , 2005Hoenig et al, 1993;Komatireddy et al, 1997;Lemmey et al, 2009;Lyngberg et al, 1994;Marcora et al, 2005a;McMeeken et al, 1999;Nordemar et al, 1976Nordemar et al, , 1981Rall et al, 1996b;van den Ende et al, 1996van den Ende et al, , 2000 and subjectively (e.g. 100-point truth-value scale, study generated questionnaire, self reported fatigue, HAQ, McMaster Toronto Arthritis (MACTAR) Patient Preference Disability Questionnaire; Ekdahl et al, 1990;Hakkinen et al, 1994Hakkinen et al, , 2001Hakkinen et al, , 2004aKomatireddy et al, 1997;Lyngberg et al, 1994;Marcora et al, 2005a;McMeeken et al, 1999;van den Ende et al, 2000) (Table 1).…”

“…In fact, although most studies report no changes in disease activity following resistance training, findings of improvements are not uncommon; e.g. reductions in: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; Hakkinen et al, 1994Hakkinen et al, , 1997Hakkinen et al, , 1999, morning stiffness (Ekdahl et al, 1990), number of tender and swollen joints (Ritchie articular index; Ekdahl et al, 1990;Hakkinen et al, 1994Hakkinen et al, , 1997van den Ende et al, 1996), self-reported joint count (Komatireddy et al, 1997), pain (Komatireddy et al, 1997;McMeeken et al, 1999;Rall et al, 1996b), and Disease Activity Score (DAS28, DAS4; Hakkinen et al, 1999Hakkinen et al, , 2001Hakkinen et al, , 2004a. High-intensity exercise even appears to be safe in patients with active disease; van den Ende et al (2000) randomly allocated RA patients admitted to hospital for RA flares to perform either HI exercise (isokinetic and isometric strength training) or LI exercise (ROM and isometric exercises).…”

Validation of the ?Vienna List? as a proxy measure of quality of life

“…The timed-up and go test [13][14][15] and the Tinetti measure [16,17] as well-established measurements of basic functional mobility and the performanceoriented mobility of the patients were administered.…”