The effects of kangaroo mother care on the time to breastfeeding initiation among preterm and LBW infants: a meta-analysis of published studies

Abstract

Background Kangaroo mother care is a comprehensive intervention given for all newborns especially for premature and low birthweight infants. It is the most feasible and preferred intervention for decreasing neonatal morbidity and mortality. Even though time to initiating breastfeeding has been examined by randomized controlled trials, varying findings have been reported. Therefore, the main objective of this meta-analysis was to estimate the pooled mean time to initiate breastfeeding among preterm and low birthweight infants. Methods The authors searched for randomized controlled trial studies conducted on the effects of kangaroo mother care on the time to breastfeeding initiation among preterm and low birthweight infants. Published articles were identified through a computerized search of electronic databases that includes MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and CENTRAL. The search terms were kangaroo mother care or (skin to skin), or conventional care, newborns, preterm infants, low birthweight infants and randomized controlled trial. A total of 467 eligible titles were identified and eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The extracted data were entered and analyzed using Cochrane Review Manager-5-3 software. Heterogeneity across studies was evaluated by Chi 2 test and inconsistency index (I 2 ). Publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot. The random effect model was applied to estimate the pooled mean time to initiate breastfeeding with 95% confidence interval. Results In this meta-analysis, the overall pooled mean time to initiate breastfeeding was 2.6 days (95% CI 1.23, 3.96). Preterm and low birthweight infants receiving kangaroo mother care intervention initiated breastfeeding 2 days 14 h 24 min earlier than conventional care of radiant warmer/incubator method. Conclusions Kangaroo mother care promotes early initiation of breastfeeding as compared to conventional care method. Therefore, health facilities need to implement the kangaroo mother care for preterm and low birthweight infants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13006-019-0206-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The impact of birth-related injury and pain on breastfeeding outcomes

“…Some of these factors are well studied, such as the effect of analgesia and anaesthesia during labour (Rajan,1994;Brown and Jordan, 2014), early separation of mother and infant (Nyqvist and Ewald, 1997;Rapely, 2002) and the impact of skin-to-skin contact (Bramson et al, 2010;Lau et al, 2017;Mekonnen et al, 2019). However, the effect of postnatal pain from birth-related trauma, whether it be from vaginal delivery or caesarean section, may be another, less-discussed factor affecting breastfeeding outcomes.…”

The Effectiveness of Laid-back Position on Lactation Related Nipple problems and comfort: A meta-analysis

“…We set three subgroups according to intervention, deliver mode and maternal category. Studies were divided into two groups according to whether or not they took the skin-to-skin care (SSC) [30] , in another words, the mother and baby had direct skin contact. And the group of laid-back breastfeeding was represented by LBBF and LBBF+SSC was used to represent the group of taking skin-toskin care on the basis of laid-back breastfeeding.…”

The Effectiveness of Laid-back Position on Lactation Related Nipple problems and comfort: A meta-analysis

“…We set three subgroups according to intervention, deliver mode and maternal category. Studies were divided into two groups according to whether or not they took the skin-to-skin care (SSC) [37] , in another words, the mother and baby had direct skin contact. The group of laid-back breastfeeding was represented by LBBF and LBBF+SSC was used to represent the group of taking skin-to-skin care on the basis of laid-back breastfeeding.…”