The effects of irrigation management on floral induction of ‘Tommy Atkins' mango in bahia semiarid

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate reduction strategies of irrigation for proper management of floral induction and production of 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes, in the semiarid region of the Bahia state, Brazil. Five treatments with reduced irrigation levels based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc) were applied in two development stages, FI -flowering and FII -fruiting. Water depths were T1 -0% of ETc in FI and 100% in FII; T2 -25% of ETc in FI and 100% in FII; T3 -50% of ETc in FI and 100% in FII; T4 -75% of ETc in FI and 100% in FII; and T5 -100% of ETc in FI and FII. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with six replications. Photosynthesis and transpiration rates in phases FI and FII were larger at 8 am than at 2 pm, regardless of the strategies used. These strategies lead to smaller values of photosynthesis, transpiration and leaf water potential within flowering stage. Productive characteristics were not affected by irrigation level reduction for flower induction process, only for the cycles evaluated. Strategies with 0% of ETc in FI and 100% in FII or 25% of ETc in FI and 100% in FII are appropriate to flower induction in 'Tommy Atkins' mango. KEY WORDS:Mangifera, controlled water deficit, irrigation strategies. MANEJO DA IRRIGAÇÃO NA INDUÇÃO FLORAL DA MANGUEIRA 'TOMMY ATKINS' NO SEMIÁRIDO BAIANORESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar estratégias de redução de lâminas de irrigação para manejo adequado da indução floral e produção da mangueira 'Tommy Atkins', na região do semiárido baiano. Cinco tratamentos com redução de lâminas de irrigação, baseadas na evapotranspiração de cultura (ETc), foram aplicados em duas fases de desenvolvimento, FI -floração e FII -frutificação: T1, 0% da ETc na FI e 100% na FII; T2, 25% da ETc na FI e 100% na FII; T3, 50% da ETc na FI e 100% na FII; T4, 75% da ETc na FI e 100% na FII; e T5, 100% da ETc em FI e FII, dispostos num delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com seis repetições. As taxas de fotossíntese e de transpiração de mangueira 'Tommy Atkins', nas fases FI e FII, são maiores às 8 que às 14 horas, independentemente das estratégias utilizadas. Essas estratégias conduzem a menores valores de fotossíntese, transpiração e de potencial hídrico foliar da mangueira 'Tommy Atkins' na fase de florescimento. As características produtivas não foram influenciadas pelas estratégias de redução de lâminas de irrigação no processo de indução floral da mangueira 'Tommy Atkins', apenas pelos ciclos avaliados. Estratégias com 0% da ETc na FI e 100% na FII ou 25% da ETc na FI e 100% na FII são adequadas ao processo de indução floral da mangueira 'Tommy Atkins'.

Leaf Gas Exchange and Flowering of Mango Sprayed With Biostimulant in Semi-Arid Region

“…For transpiration (E) at pre-flowering stage, T5 reached the highest rate (1.71 mmol de H 2 O m 2 s -1 ), 144% superior to that of T1, which was the lowest value recorded (Figure 1B). The results recorded for T3, T4 and T5 are similar to those reported by Faria et al (2016) in a study carried out with mango cv. Tommy Atkins in semi-arid region, a range of 1.23-2.87 mmol of H 2 O m 2 s -1 , as a function of irrigation management, and also similar to the results reported by Rymbai et al (2014), who evaluated the physiological indexes of mango cultivars in different agroclimatic regions of India and recorded values between 1.19 and 2.43 mmol of H 2 O m 2 s -1 .…”

“…Regarding the water-use efficiency during the pre-flowering, T1 and T2 had the highest results, while T5 was the less efficient treatment (Figure 1C). Faria et al (2016) recorded a variation from 0.92 to 4.35 µmol of CO 2 /mmol of H 2 O in mango cv. Tommy Atkins growing in semi-arid environment, a broader range than the one recorded in this study where the results, even those found at the fullflowering, reached a mean of 3.17 mmol H 2 O L -1 .…”

Structural and cytological aspects of mango floral induction using paclobutrazol

“…The efficiency of mango floral induction through the use of growth regulators depends on controlling factors such as water availability and plant mineral nutrition (Ramírez and Davenport, 2010), which is favored in dry weather conditions. Studies in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil have adapted floral induction techniques to irrigated crops (Mouco and Albuquerque, 2005) allowing the staggering of fruit production with off-season and two annual harvests, resulting in significant economic gains (Faria et al, 2016). The floral differentiation processes of mango trees are complex and involve both anatomical and physiological changes to the buds and leaves of the apical branches (Davenport, 2007;Ramírez and Davenport, 2010).…”

Biostimulant alleviates abiotic stress of mango grown in semiarid environment

“…The deleterious effect of high temperatures associated with low air relative humidity and water depth reduction causes high abiotic stress levels and consequently lower rates of photosynthesis, transpiration and leaf water potential (Faria et al, 2016). It demands different alleviating strategies, which can be highly advantageous for yield in subsequent growth seasons (Genú & Pinto, 2002).…”