“…Exosomes, minute extracellular vesicles, play a pivotal role in cellular communication, serving as dynamic messengers that convey bioactive molecules between cells. 19 The biogenesis of exosomes is intricately linked to the endosomal pathway, a cellular process that begins with endocytosis within early endosomes. 20 During this phase, the cell engulfs membrane proteins and extracellular materials, setting the foundation for the formation of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs).…”