The effects of insurance benefits coverage on functional and psychosocial outcomes after spinal cord injury

Tate, Denise G.; Stiers, William; Daugherty, Julie; Forchheimer, Martin; Cohen, Evan; Hansen, Nancy K.

doi:10.1016/0003-9993(94)90164-3

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…71,72 Self-esteem's association with gender was inconsistent; 62,65,68 relations with other sociodemographic 62,68,70 and lesionrelated variables. 67,70 were not significant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…66,67 Self-esteem and self-affirmation were not enhanced by cognitive behavioral therapy 75 or an educational active living-workshop. 56 However, sample sizes were small in the treatment groups (n¼27; n¼28, respectively) and only few persons with low self-esteem participated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…66 High self-esteem was associated with better social integration 64 and related to physical, but not work-or school-related activities. 67 Persons with high self-esteem experienced higher mastery 54 and hope 68 and showed more emotional-and problem-focused coping. 64 Persons with SCI frequently perceived self-esteem as compromised by SCI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Psychological resources in spinal cord injury: a systematic literature review

et al. 2011

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Study design: Systematic literature review. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to gain a systematic overview of the role of psychological resources in the adjustment to spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: A systematic literature review was performed. The literature search was conducted in the databases Pubmed, PsycINFO, the Social Sciences Citation Index, the Education Resources Information Center, Embase and the Citation Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature. The assessed variables, measurement instruments, results and the methodological quality of the studies were extracted, summarized and evaluated. Results: A total of 83 mainly cross-sectional studies were identified. Psychological resources were categorized into seven groups: self-efficacy (SE), self-esteem, sense of coherence (SOC), spirituality, optimism, intellect and other personality characteristics. SE and self-esteem were consistently associated with positive adjustment indicators such as high well-being and better mental health. Interrelations between psychological resources and key rehabilitation outcome variables such as participation were rarely studied. Only a few interventions, which were aimed at strengthening psychological resources were identified. Longitudinal studies suggested that SE, SOC, spirituality and purpose in life were potential determinants of adjustment outcomes in the long term. Conclusion: Research on psychological resources in SCI is broad, but fragmented. Associations of psychological resources with mental health and well-being were frequently shown, while associations with participation were rarely studied. Further development of resource-based interventions to strengthen persons with SCI is indicated. This review can serve as guide for clinical practice and can add to the design of future SCI research.

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“…71,72 Self-esteem's association with gender was inconsistent; 62,65,68 relations with other sociodemographic 62,68,70 and lesionrelated variables. 67,70 were not significant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Psychological resources in spinal cord injury: a systematic literature review

et al. 2011

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“…[21][22][23][24] We found that participants who used personal helpers, in average had helpers for 77.6 h per week (median 60). This number of hours of personal helpers is higher than the amount reported in earlier studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home aids and personal assistance 10–45 years after spinal cord injury

2008

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Objective: Assessment of home aids, adaptations and personal assistance received after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: Clinic for Spinal Cord Injuries, Denmark. Uptake area, 2.5 million inhabitants. Study design and methods: Cross-sectional follow-up with retrospective data from medical files. Materials: Individuals with traumatic SCI before 1 January 1991, still in regular follow-up and with sufficient medical record. In all, 279 were included, and 236 answered the questionnaire (193 men and 43 women), with a response rate of 84.6%. Mean age at follow-up was 50.5 years, and mean follow-up time, 24.1 years. One hundred and twenty-six were paraplegic and 110, tetraplegic. Responders and non-responders were comparable. Results: Most common aids or adaptations reported were commode/shower chair on wheels or a seat (69%), grab bar by the toilet (41%), electrical bed (44%), special mattress (28%), lift/hoist (20%), computers (39%) and kitchen tools or cutlery with special handles (14%). In all, 7.6% of the participants reported no aids. Eighty-two percent answered 'Yes' to the question 'Have the aids, you currently or previously needed, been available to you?' The majority reported that their source of information about aid had been various journals and magazines. Twenty-one percent had personal helpers, with 60 h per week in median (range 2-168). Thirty-three percent received domestic help with 2.5 h per week in median (range 0.5-37). Eight percent had a home nurse. A total of 98.7% were living in their own homes. Conclusions: This is the first study of a representative SCI population giving information on home aids. Individuals with SCI in Denmark seem to be sufficiently supplied with aids and personal assistance.

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“…The more recent reported rates of employment in the US among those with SCI range from 23 to 36% [13][14][15][16] and are generally lower than is observed in other countries, including Sweden (46%), 17 Australia (47%) 18 and Canada (42%). 19 However, this need not be the case.…”

Section: Vocational Rehabilitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Services provided following compensable work-related tetraplegia

et al. 2004

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Design: Descriptive study. Objective: To describe and compare the medical services provided following work-related tetraplegic spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: Workers' compensation claims database. Methods: The administrative database of a workers' compensation provider was searched for work-related tetraplegia claims with dates of injury between 1 January 1989 and 31 December 1999. In total, 62 cases were identified and grouped by impairment category. Medical payment data were extracted and assigned to service categories. Results: Although the level of services was directly related to the severity of impairment, patterns were similar across categories; for example, the largest proportions of payments were associated with durable medical equipment (DME) and attendant care in each impairment category. DME, readmissions and attendant care services varied considerably from year to year and within impairment category. Payments for physician care and medications/supplies showed the least variation within impairment categories. Workers' compensation payments were similar to National Spinal Cord Injury Database (NSCID) payments for the first year following injury; however, in subsequent years, workers' compensation figures were much higher. Conclusions: Differences in annual medical payment and services by impairment category appear to be primarily due to variations in DME, attendant care and readmission. Payment differences in relation to National SCI figures may be related to better capture of payments by the workers' compensation administrative database. In addition, results suggest broader coverage by workers' compensation for medical services and items related to independent living.

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The effects of insurance benefits coverage on functional and psychosocial outcomes after spinal cord injury

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Psychological resources in spinal cord injury: a systematic literature review

Psychological resources in spinal cord injury: a systematic literature review

Home aids and personal assistance 10–45 years after spinal cord injury

Services provided following compensable work-related tetraplegia

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