The effects of infill on hydrogen tank temperature distribution during fast fill

Due to ecological and economic advantages, natural gas is used as an alternative fuel in the transportation sector in the form of compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG). Development of infrastructure is necessary to popularize vehicles that use alternative fuels. Selected positive factors from EU countries supporting the development of the CNG market were discussed. The process of natural gas vehicle (NGV) fast filling is related to thermodynamic phenomena occurring in a tank. In this study, the first law of thermodynamics and continuity equations were applied to develop a theoretical model to investigate the effects of natural gas composition on the filling process and the final in-cylinder conditions of NGV on-board composite cylinder (type IV). Peng–Robinson equation of state (P-R EOS) was applied, and a lightweight composite tank (type IV) was considered as an adiabatic system. The authors have devised a model to determine the influence of natural gas composition on the selected thermodynamic parameters during fast filling: Joule–Thomson (J-T) coefficient, in-cylinder gas temperature, mass flow rate profiles, in-cylinder mass increase, natural gas density change, ambient temperature on the final natural gas temperature, influence of an ambient temperature on the amount of refueled natural gas mass. Results emphasize the importance of natural gas composition as an important parameter for the filling process of the NGV on-board composite tank (type IV).

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“…In Equation (39), h m id is the molar enthalpy of an ideal gas, calculated with the following equation:…”

Section: Internal Energy Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the interest in the modelling of cylinder filling with compressed natural gas, there are also studies which have considered thermodynamic parameters during hydrogen fast filling to cylinders (types III and IV) [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Analysis of CNG Fast Filling Process of Composite Cylinder Type IV

Saferna¹,

Saferna²,

Kuczyński

et al. 2021

Energies

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“…This approach saved 62 % of the time compared to constant mass flow filling. Li et al [ 91 ] explored using a filler with high porosity (97 %) to suppress heat transfer in the tank. However, an excessive amount of filler may slow down gas flow excessively and lead to thermal stratification, prompting the need for further investigation into filler design for more effective solutions.…”

Section: Status Of Hydrogen Ship Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the research progress and application of compressed hydrogen in the marine hydrogen fuel cell power system

Li,

Xu,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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“…Energies 2024, 17, 1569 2 of 13 Controlling the hydrogen in the tank within the temperature and pressure constraints while minimizing the charging time is challenging but some research on this topic [1][2][3] can be found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Inlet Hydrogen Temperature during the Fast-Filling Process Based on a Back Propagation Neural Network Model

Wang,

Hui,

Liu

et al. 2024

Energies

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A reasonable inflating strategy must be developed for filling an onboard hydrogen storage tank with hydrogen gas. The inflow hydrogen temperature has always been a constant value in filling cases. However, in our opinion, the optimal inflow hydrogen temperature is not supposed to be a fixed value but a value that constantly changes and adjusts with filling time, i.e., the inflow hydrogen temperature is a function of the filling time. How to determine this functional relationship is a critical problem to be addressed. Herein, an approach is introduced. A dual-zone model is presented to research the thermal effect during the process of charging hydrogen storage tanks. Based on the numerical results of the dual-zone model, the charging process was divided into three stages, allowing us to obtain data for 1331 filling cases. Then, a back propagation (BP) neural network model was built to analyze the data, and the implicit relationship between the inflow hydrogen temperatures and maximum hydrogen temperature pressure could be deduced. With this implicit relationship, the critical values of the inflow hydrogen temperatures can be obtained from the critical situation. Suppose the inflow hydrogen temperatures in a practical case are higher than the critical values. In that case, the highest hydrogen temperature in the tank will exceed the limited safety value of 358 K. In contrast, if the inflow hydrogen temperatures are lower than the critical values, then more energy will be needed to precool the inlet hydrogen temperature. Thus, theoretically, the critical inflow hydrogen temperatures should be at their optimal values.

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The effects of infill on hydrogen tank temperature distribution during fast fill

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Thermodynamic Analysis of CNG Fast Filling Process of Composite Cylinder Type IV

Thermodynamic Analysis of CNG Fast Filling Process of Composite Cylinder Type IV

A review on the research progress and application of compressed hydrogen in the marine hydrogen fuel cell power system

Optimization of Inlet Hydrogen Temperature during the Fast-Filling Process Based on a Back Propagation Neural Network Model

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