The effects of increasing dietary levels of soy protein concentrate (SPC) on the immune responses and disease resistance (furunculosis) of vaccinated and non-vaccinated Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) parr

Metochis, Christoforos; Spanos, I.; Auchinachie, Niall; Crampton, V.O.; Bell, J. Gordon; Adams, Alexandra; Thompson, Kim D.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.016

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…There are few studies in the literature were Atlantic salmon antibody responses have been analyzed as a function of dietary FAs. Metochis et al (2016) [89] tested total IgM in Atlantic salmon vaccinated against A . salmonicida which received different amounts of soy protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between dietary fatty acids and genotype on immune response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after vaccination: A transcriptome study

et al. 2019

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A pivotal matter to aquaculture is the sourcing of sustainable resources as ingredients to aquafeeds. Levels of plant delivered oils as source of fatty acids (FA) in aquafeeds have reached around 70% resulting in reduced levels of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in salmon fillet composition. EPA and DHA can modulate inflammation and immune response, so it is crucial to understand how fish immune response is affected by low LC n-3 PUFA diet and if this diet can have a detrimental effect on vaccine response. Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) can produce EPA/DHA from α-linolenic acid (ALA) and this endogenous capacity can be explored to develop families with higher tolerance to low LC n-3 PUFA diets. Here we analyze innate and adaptive immune response in Atlantic salmon to a commercial vaccine after being fed low levels of EPA and DHA, and we also compare three strains of salmon selected by their endogenous capacity of synthesizing LC- n-3 PUFA. A total of 2,890 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (p-value adjusted < 0.1) when comparing vaccinated fish against control non-vaccinated. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG analysis with 442 up/downregulated genes revealed that most DEGs were both related to immune response as well as part of important immune related pathways, as “Toll-like receptor” and “Cytokine-Cytokine interaction”. Adaptive response was also addressed by measuring antigen specific IgM, and titers were significantly higher than in the pre-immune fish at 62 days post-immunization. However, diet and strain had no/little effect on vaccine-specific IgM or innate immune responses. Atlantic salmon therefore display robustness in its response to vaccination even when feed low levels of LC n-3 PUFA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between dietary fatty acids and genotype on immune response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after vaccination: A transcriptome study

et al. 2019

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“…demonstrated that soybean meal and isolated soy protein could replace 27.3% of dietary fishmeal without negatively affecting the growth performance in juvenile silvery-black porgy; however, a higher dietary soybean content induced signs of hyperlipidemia and anemia signs 4 . Similarly, several adverse effects on growth performance 5 , digestibility of nutrients 6 , feed efficiency 7 , immune responses 8 and intestinal health 2 were observed. Certain indigestible components (non-starch polysaccharides) 9 , and some anti-nutritional factors and low concentrations of lysine, methionine and threonine were considered restricting the use of soybean in aquafeeds 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dietary soybean meal affects intestinal homoeostasis by altering the microbiota, morphology and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in northern snakehead

Miao

Zhao

Zhu

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

155

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A 63-day feeding trial was conducted in northern snakehead to observe the effects of a dietary soybean meal substitution on the microbiota community, morphology and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in the intestine. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing increasing levels of soybean meal were used to replace 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of the defatted fishmeal (diets are referred to G1, G2, G3 and G4, respectively). Different dietary soybean meal substitutions significantly affected the intestinal microbiota composition. At the phylum level, Firmicutes abundance was the lowest in the G4 group, in contrast with Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Planctomycetes. At the genus level, significantly lower abundance of Lactococcus, Geobacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Bacillus and Acinetobacter,but higher abundance of Cetobacterium, Planctomyces, Shewanella, Thermomonas, Rubrivivax and Carnobacterium was observed in fish fed the G4 diet. With increased dietary soybean meal, the thickness of the muscularis, the height of the fold and the height of the microvillus in the distal intestine decreased, but the relative expression of IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-17F was significantly up-regulated. In conclusion, more emphasis should be placed on the functionality of intestinal microbiota and the pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation to assess the effects of diet and fish intestinal health through intestinal microbiota profiling.

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“…For instance, compared to fishmeal, the dietary inclusion of meat and bone meal significantly modulated gastrointestinal tract microbiota in the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata juveniles, there was a marked increase in the number of individuals of Vibrio, Bacillus and Mycobacterium, whereas the numbers of Corynebacterium decreased (Moutinho et al, ). Considering the associations between dietary soybean meal and gut microbiota, and gut microbiota and intestinal health (Gatlin et al, ; Metochis et al, ; Miao et al, ), it is necessary to trace the changes in the gut microbiota caused by diets, which can ultimately affect host physiology (Bashiardes, Godneva, Elinav, & Segal, ). However, little is known about the way in, and the extent to, which responses may happen to gut microbiota when fish is fed with different protein sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary soybean meal associated with feeding time on the growth performance and intestinal microbiota composition of northern snakehead

et al. 2019

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Fishmeal has placed increasing pressure on the cost of aquafeeds and wild fish stocks; therefore, plant-based protein sources have attracted more and more attention because of their relative competitive prices and availability. For example, using soybean meal to replace 27.3% fishmeal has been proven to be an effective way to reduce the cost of aquafeeds while maintaining the growth Abstract A 63-day growth trial was conducted with northern snakehead Channa argus to evaluate how rapidly its growth performance and how reproducibly its gut microbiota respond to different dietary protein sources. Four diets were formulated with different levels of soybean meal as a replacement for fishmeal (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%). Each diet was fed to three replicates of juvenile C. argus (30 juveniles per replicate, initial weight 8.65 ± 0.25 g) to produce groups G1, G2, G3 and G4 respectively. During this trial, survival rate, growth performance and intestinal microbiota composition were determined on days 9, 21 and 63. At day 9, there was no effect of the dietary soybean meal on the final weight (Wt), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) between the four groups (p > 0.05). However, at day 21 (p < 0.05), they were significantly lower in G4 fish than that in G1 and G2. The highest Wt, WG and SGR were found in G1 and G2 fish, the lowest growth was found in G4 fish at day 63 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, higher operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and alpha diversity were found in G4. With the dietary soybean level increased, the proportion of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia, as well as some genera of bacteria (Carnobacterium, Cetobacterium, Planctomyces, Shewanella and Thermomonas) significantly increased in the G3 and G4 fish (p < 0.05). However, the OTUs, Chao index, and the proportion of Firmicutes and some genera (Acinetobacter, Bacillus and Geobacillus) in G4 fish were significantly higher at days 21 and 63 than that at day 9 (p < 0.05).Taken together, in response to dietary soybean meal levels, dynamic and significant changes in microbiota occurred, which then ultimately attained a new equilibrium. K E Y W O R D Sdynamic changes, feeding time, growth performance, microbiota composition, northern snakehead, soybean meal level

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The effects of increasing dietary levels of soy protein concentrate (SPC) on the immune responses and disease resistance (furunculosis) of vaccinated and non-vaccinated Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) parr

Abstract: (2016) The effects of increasing dietary levels of soy protein concentrate (SPC) on the immune responses and disease resistance (furunculosis) of vaccinated and non-vaccinated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr, Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 59, pp. 83-94.

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Interaction between dietary fatty acids and genotype on immune response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after vaccination: A transcriptome study

Interaction between dietary fatty acids and genotype on immune response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) after vaccination: A transcriptome study

Dietary soybean meal affects intestinal homoeostasis by altering the microbiota, morphology and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in northern snakehead

Effect of dietary soybean meal associated with feeding time on the growth performance and intestinal microbiota composition of northern snakehead

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