The effects of inbreeding on rate of development and on fertility inDrosophila Subobscura

Hollingsworth, Margaret J.; Smith, John Maynard

doi:10.1007/bf02993984

Cited by 57 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Several empirical data sets suggest that fitness does indeed continue to decline with consecutive generations of selfing, at least in some organisms. Hollingsworth & Maynard Smith (1955) followed 16 generations of sib mating in Drosophila melanogaster, and demonstrated that purging of genetic load did not begin until 14 or 15 generations. Wilton et al (1989) have also demonstrated that purging in Drosophila is weak enough to take many generations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, several empirical studies suggest that some organisms do in fact experience a steady decrease in fitness over consecutive generations of inbreeding (e.g. Hollingsworth & Maynard Smith, 1955;Hallauer & Sears, 1973;Schuster & Michael, 1976;Monti & Frusciante, 1984) for at least the first few generations of inbreeding. We therefore discuss genetic models which may give a monotonic decline of fitness with consecutive generations of selfing, and the implications of non-monotonic decline in fitness on the predictions of this model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Models for the evolution of selfing under alternative modes of inheritance

Latta

Ritland

1993

Heredity

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In an approach that explicitly incorporates genetic changes over consecutive generations of selffertilization, we contrast the effect of different modes of inheritance for selfing rate upon the evolutionary equilibrium selfing rate. A monotonic decline of fitness with consecutive generations of selfing was assumed. We found the range of conditions permitting evolutionarily stable mixedmating systems to increase with the number of genes controlling the selfing rate. When the mating system is controlled by a single locus with alternative alleles for complete selfing or outcrossing, alleles for selfing concentrate in inbred individuals and are exposed to stronger selection than the average inbreeding depression. By contrast, when alleles of small effect control the selfing rate, selfing rates do not vary as much between inbred vs. outcrossed individuals; this results in the broader stability of mixed mating. We also find that, provided selfing is not caused by recessive alleles, low levels of outcrossing can be maintained when the average relative fitness of selfed progeny is above 0.5. This is postulated to be due to a long-term advantage for occasional outcrossing in terms of the restoration of low inbreeding coefficients. The assumption of a monotonic decline in fitness with consecutive generations of selfing is also discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models for the evolution of selfing under alternative modes of inheritance

Latta

Ritland

1993

Heredity

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“…Hollingsworth and Maynard Smith (1955) found in Drosophila subobscura that the majority of failures to hatch were caused by infertility of the inbred males, with inbreeding of the female and the zygote contributing to a lesser degree to hatching failure. In mammals, experiments by Wright (1922) on guinea pigs showed that the number of young born alive (the physiological equivalent of hatch rate in birds) was more strongly affected by maternal inbreeding then by the inbreeding of the zygote.…”

Section: Seasonal Reproductive Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

INBREEDING AND ITS FITNESS EFFECTS IN AN INSULAR POPULATION OF SONG SPARROWS (MELOSPIZA MELODIA )

1998

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Abstract.-Inbreeding depression is thought to be a major factor affecting the evolution of mating systems and dispersal. While there is ample evidence for inbreeding depression in captivity, it has rarely been documented in natural populations. In this study, I examine data from a long-term demographic study of an insular population of song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) and present evidence for inbreeding depression. Forty-four percent of all matings on Mandarte Island, British Columbia, were among known relatives. Offspring of a full-sib mating (f= 0.25) experienced a reduction in annual survival rate of 17.5% on average. Over their lifetime, females with f = 0.25 produced 48% fewer young that reached independence from parental care. In contrast, male lifetime reproductive success was not affected by inbreeding. Reduced female lifetime reproductive success was mostly due to reduced hatching rates of the eggs of inbred females. Relatedness among the parents did not affect their reproductive success. Using data on survival from egg stage to breeding age, I estimated the average song sparrow egg on Mandarte Island to carry a minimum of 5.38 lethal equivalents (the number of deleterious genes whose cumulative effect is equivalent to one lethal); 2.88 of these lethal equivalents were expressed from egg stage to independence of parental care. This estimate is higher than most estimates reported for laboratory populations and lower than those reported for zoo populations. Hence, the costs of inbreeding in this population were substantial and slightly above those expected from laboratory studies. Variability in estimates of lethal equivalents among years showed that costs of inbreeding were not constant across years.

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“…Schoen (1983), Dudash (1990), and Levin (1991) found no differences between one and two consecutive generations of selfing in Gilia angustifolia, Sabatia angularis, and Phlox drummondii, respectively. In contrast, fitness declines over consecutive generations ofinbreeding have been found in maize (Hallauer and Sears 1973), rapeseed (Schuster and Michael 1976), faba beans (Monti and Frusciante 1984), Drosophila (Hollingsworth and Maynard Smith 1955), and Hydrophyllum appendiculatum (Wolfe 1993). Such fitness effects could be caused by very weakly deleterious mutations (Latta 1992).…”

Section: Waller Unpubl Data)mentioning

confidence: 99%

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INBREEDING DEPRESSION AND PRIOR INBREEDING AMONG POPULATIONS OF FOURMIMULUSTAXA

Latta

Ritland

1994

Evolution

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Abstract.-When recessive mutations are the primary cause of inbreeding depression, a negative relationship betweenthe levelsof prior inbreeding and inbreeding depression is expected. We tested this prediction using 15 populations chosen a priori to represent a wide range of prior inbreeding among four closely related taxa of the Mimulus guttatus species complex. Artificially selfed and outcrossed progeny were grown under controlled growth-chamber conditions, and inbreeding depression was estimated for each population as one minus the ratio of the fitness of selfed to outcrossed progeny.Estimates ofinbreeding depression varied from 0%to 68%among populations. Inbreeding coefficients, estimated from electrophoretic assay of field-collected progenies, ranged from 0.02 to 0.76. All five fitness traits displayed a negative association between inbreeding depression and the inbreeding coefficient, but only height showed a statistically significantcorrelation. Inbreedingdepression was also not correlated with the level ofgeneticvariability. In addition, populations with similar levels of prior inbreeding showed significant differences of inbreeding depression, whereaspopulations with differentlevels of prior inbreeding showed similar inbreeding depression. Within populations, inbreeding depression did not differ between progeny selfed one versus two generations. Our results are weakly consistent with the recessive mutation model of inbreeding depression, but suggest that additional factors, including genotype-by-environment interaction and complex modes of inheritance, may influence the expression of inbreeding depression.

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The effects of inbreeding on rate of development and on fertility inDrosophila Subobscura

Cited by 57 publications

References 7 publications

Models for the evolution of selfing under alternative modes of inheritance

Models for the evolution of selfing under alternative modes of inheritance

INBREEDING AND ITS FITNESS EFFECTS IN AN INSULAR POPULATION OF SONG SPARROWS (MELOSPIZA MELODIA )

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INBREEDING DEPRESSION AND PRIOR INBREEDING AMONG POPULATIONS OF FOURMIMULUSTAXA

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