The effects of illicit drug use during pregnancy and parental hostility on problem behaviors in school-aged children over and above genetic influences.
Chang Liu,
Leslie D. Leve,
Daniel S. Shaw
et al.
Abstract:Previous work has examined the impact of prenatal illicit drug use (PDU) on children’s problem behaviors. However, many PDU-related risk factors, including genetic and rearing environmental risks, can also influence offspring’s problem behaviors, thus confounding PDU, genetic, and rearing environmental influences. This study aimed to (a) identify effects of PDU on school-aged children’s problem behaviors, including both externalizing and internalizing behaviors at Age 7, after controlling genetic and specific … Show more
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