The effects of<i>Mycobacterium vaccae</i>on allergen-induced airway responses in atopic asthma

Camporota, Luigi; Corkhill, Andrea; Long, Hai; Lordan, James; Stanciu, Luminita A.; Tuckwell, N; Cross, Alison K.; Stanford, J. L.; Rook, G.A.W.; Holgate, S. T.; Djukanović, Ratko

doi:10.1183/09031936.03.00042103

Cited by 75 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Heat-inactivated M. vaccae has been used in clinical studies of asthma [18] and eczema [19]. Results were encouraging and larger phase II trials are now in progress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Mycobacterium vaccae induces a population of pulmonary CD11c⁺ cells with regulatory potential in allergic mice

Adams

Hunt²,

Martinelli³

et al. 2004

Eur J Immunol

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The hygiene hypothesis proposes that common, harmless microorganisms, present throughout our evolutionary history, have helped to develop immunoregulatory mechanisms that prevent inappropriate immune responses by the host. Using a mouse model of allergic pulmonary inflammation, we report that treatment with an ubiquitous saprophytic mycobacterium, Mycobacterium vaccae, significantly reduces allergic inflammation by decreasing type 2 responses such as eosinophilia and IL-4 expression. Rather than observing an increase in type-1 cytokine expression, we found elevated production of IL-10 in the lungs suggesting a role for regulatory T cells. Since induction of these cells may be dependent on APC, we investigated the effects of M. vaccae treatment on pulmonary CD11c + cells. Increased levels of IL-10, TGF-g and IFN- § mRNA were detected in CD11c + cells from M. vaccae-treated allergic mice. We propose that M. vaccae-induced CD11c + cells have a potential regulatory role at the site of inflammation through their secretion of immunomodulatory cytokines.

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“…Heat-inactivated M. vaccae has been used in clinical studies of asthma [18] and eczema [19]. Results were encouraging and larger phase II trials are now in progress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These cells are allergen-specific, and upon passive transfer can protect recipient allergic mice from airway inflammation by significantly reducing eosinophilia in the lungs [17]. In clinical studies, treatment with M. vaccae has shown encouraging results in human patients suffering from atopic asthma and atopic dermatitis [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mycobacterium vaccae induces a population of pulmonary CD11c⁺ cells with regulatory potential in allergic mice

Adams

Hunt²,

Martinelli³

et al. 2004

Eur J Immunol

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“…]). Studies using BCG [51] or heat-killed M. vaccae [52] therapeutically in established asthma or atopic dermatitis [53], however, showed beneficial effects of mycobacterial treatment, although the effect of M. vaccae in asthma patients was not confirmed [54]. These contrasting results might be explained by the fact that a lot of variables were different in these studies, such as the age at and the frequency of vaccination with mycobacteria, the BCG strain used and the varying natural exposure to mycobacteria (including M. tuberculosis) or allergens [55].…”

Section: Mycobacteria and Allergy In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacteria, genes and the ‘hygiene hypothesis’

Smit

Folkerts

Nijkamp

2004

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Purpose of reviewThe 'hygiene hypothesis' suggests that a relationship exists between improved hygiene and an increase in allergic diseases. As an underlying mechanism for this hypothesis it is proposed that due to the lack of microbial stimulation either a misbalance in T helper type responses or a misbalance in regulatory mechanisms develops. As yet, however, a specific infectious factor responsible for the hygiene hypothesis has not been found. Recent findingsAnimal models have lent support for mycobacteria as important candidates in the hygiene hypothesis. These animal studies have also suggested that mycobacterial treatment generated regulatory mechanisms which restored the immune balance. In contrast, the relationship between mycobacterial infection or treatment and the development of allergy and asthma in humans is unclear and highly controversial. Summary Mycobacteria have been found to unambiguously reduce allergic and asthmatic manifestations, suggesting that mycobacteria perhaps can be used as an 'anti-asthma' vaccine. Conflicting results in humans, however, confirm that the complex and multifactorial interactions between the environment and the genetic background of the individual contribute to the development of allergic disease. Therefore, the hygiene hypothesis should involve the genetic and the environmental background of the individual.

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“…This led to an attempt to make therapeutic use of the observed benefit. Several authors have tried to use heat-deactivated mycobacteria or their active components to improve bronchial asthma [52,53].…”

Section: Correlations Between Specific Infec-tious Diseases and Allermentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations Between Allergic and Infectious Diseases – Results of the Latest German National Health Survey (NHS98) and the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)

Langen¹,

Röhmel²

2009

TOALLJ

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Abstract:In the literature, according to the hygiene hypothesis, infections should be expected to correlate with fewer allergies. However, several studies clearly show that infections -especially infections of the upper respiratory tract -and surrogate parameters such as the use of antibiotics or paracetamol correlate with a higher rate of allergies. This article reviews the literature (50 articles are analyzed) on possible connections between infections and allergies and offers some possible explanations. Original data from population-based health interviews and examination surveys of adults, children and adolescents are added. These data show a clear correlation between most infections and an enhanced allergy rate. Nevertheless, although the correlastions obtained seem intriguing, it has to be kept in mind, that no clear direction of the correlations can be stated since the database does not allow for such interpretation. So, the data do not necessarily add to the picture of the hygiene hypothesis, as the infections could have followed the allergies. The probability of suffering from an allergy rises with the number of infections (or vice versa) a person has had (e.g. the risk for adults of developing asthma is enhanced to 1.3 CI-95% 1.2-1.4 with enhanced numbers of former infections with pertussis, chickenpox, scarlet fever, dysentery or typhoid/paratyphoid). This applies especially to pertussis (e.g. 15.8% CI-95% 13.6-18.3% of children with hayfever had pertussis versus 7.6% CI-95% 6.9-8.3% of the healthy children) and chickenpox infections (e.g. 84.7% CI-95% 82.7-86.6% of children with hayfever had chickenpox versus 66.8% CI-95% 65.8-67.8% of the healthy children), both of which are preventable by vaccination.

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The effects ofMycobacterium vaccaeon allergen-induced airway responses in atopic asthma

Cited by 75 publications

References 29 publications

Mycobacterium vaccae induces a population of pulmonary CD11c⁺ cells with regulatory potential in allergic mice

Mycobacterium vaccae induces a population of pulmonary CD11c⁺ cells with regulatory potential in allergic mice

Mycobacteria, genes and the ‘hygiene hypothesis’

Correlations Between Allergic and Infectious Diseases – Results of the Latest German National Health Survey (NHS98) and the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)

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The effects ofMycobacterium vaccaeon allergen-induced airway responses in atopic asthma

Cited by 75 publications

References 29 publications

Mycobacterium vaccae induces a population of pulmonary CD11c+ cells with regulatory potential in allergic mice

Mycobacterium vaccae induces a population of pulmonary CD11c+ cells with regulatory potential in allergic mice

Mycobacteria, genes and the ‘hygiene hypothesis’

Correlations Between Allergic and Infectious Diseases – Results of the Latest German National Health Survey (NHS98) and the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)

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Product

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Mycobacterium vaccae induces a population of pulmonary CD11c⁺ cells with regulatory potential in allergic mice

Mycobacterium vaccae induces a population of pulmonary CD11c⁺ cells with regulatory potential in allergic mice