The effects of <i>in vivo</i> heparin on plasma esterase activity and lipaemia clearing*

Levy, S. W.; Swank, Roy L.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1954.sp005052

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…It was also shown that the rate of clearance of excess lipid from the nephrotic rat's plasma during the infusion of albumin was considerably augmented by the concomitant administration of heparin. This is consonant with the belief (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) that heparin-induced, lipemiaclearing is simply an acceleration of the normally occurring lipolytic processes. The observed response to heparin-albumin infusion also indicated the ability of the nephrotic rat to form potent lipemia-clearing factor and failed to confirm the presence in nephrotic rat's plasma of some "clearing-factor inhibitor," as has been suggested by others (20).…”

Section: Methods and Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

In Vivo Studies of the Role of Albumin in Endogenous and Heparin-Activated Lipemia-Clearing in Nephrotic Rats 1

Rosenman¹,

Friedman²

1957

J. Clin. Invest.

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In a previous study (1) heparin was found to inhibit the rise of plasma lipids and cholesterol occurring in rats with nephrosis experimentally induced by injection of anti-rat kidney serum (AKS). Such inhibition was marked when heparin was administered prior to and immediately after the injection of AKS, but of much lesser degree when administered to the chronic nephrotic rat with established hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipemia. A similar slight or absent anti-lipemic response to heparin has been observed in some human subjects with nephrosis (2). This suggested to us that perhaps the inhibitory action of heparin necessitated the presence of a larger concentration of plasma albumin than was present in the chronic nephrotic rat.Therefore a second study (3) was done in which bovine serum albumin was infused into rats during both the induction and chronic phases of experimental nephrosis. This was found to be far more effective than heparin in respectively preventing and correcting the hyperlipemia otherwise occurring in such rats. However, the infusion of albumin was not found capable of completely normalizing the plasma lipids of the nephrotic animal unless it concomitantly was nephrectomized.This suggested that the accumulation of lipids in the plasma of the nephrotic rat is due not only to a quantitative deficiency of plasma albumin (3) but also to the excessive renal loss of some other essential plasma constituent of the lipid-clearing mechanism which might be escaping pan passu, either separately or combined with the escaping albumin. If this substance were heparin, or its plasma equivalent, the combined administration of heparin and albumin would be expected to be 'Aided by Grants from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases of the National Institutes of Health, (A-46, C-4), the American Heart Association and the San Francisco Heart Association.completely effective in normalizing the plasma lipids of the nephrotic rat. This was found to be true in the present study of such combined treatment, the data also providing an in vivo demonstration of the essential role of adequate plasma albumin for both endogenous and heparin-activated processes of lipemia-clearing. METHODS AND RESULTSAdult, male rats (Long-Evans) were used in these studies. Pooled rabbit anti-rat kidney serum (AKS) was prepared as described by Heymann and Lund (4) and assayed in preliminary studies by its ability to induce hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipemia and hypercholesteremia within 18 hours after its intravenous injection. Continuous intravenous infusions were administered by a special constant infusion apparatus designed to inject 0.25 ml.per hour (6.0 ml. per 24 hours) through an exteriorized polyethylene cannula placed in an inferior lumbar vein during a preliminary operation accomplished under ether anesthesia. The injected solutions were either freshly prepared aqueous bovine serum albumin (30 per cent) or sodium chloride (0.9 per cent), the latter being used since it was previously found to induce a degree of hemodilution in...

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Section: Methods and Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

In Vivo Studies of the Role of Albumin in Endogenous and Heparin-Activated Lipemia-Clearing in Nephrotic Rats 1

Rosenman¹,

Friedman²

1957

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…An observation made in this laboratory has also shown that the tributyrin esterase activity of dog plasma is rapidly increased following the injection of heparin (Levy & Swank, 1954). It was further demonstrated that the esterase and clearing-factor activities of postheparin dog plasma generally undergo parallel changes under the influence of temperature or heparin-combining agents; the latter were also found to be effective in reversing the above activities when injected into heparinized dogs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

“…A relationship between heparin-induced esterase activity and the lipaemia-clearing action of heparin has been indicated by previous work (Levy & Swank, 1954) but remains somewhat uncertain. Having shown that the presence of eserine (10M) inhibits normal plasma esterase activity in dogs almost completely without affecting the activity induced by heparin (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In the experiment described in Fig. 7, the esterase activity of normal plasma was significantly inhibited only at a concentration of 10-2M and that of post- The effects of eserine on the esterase activities of normal and post-heparin human plasma Early experiments revealed that while the injection of heparin in human subjects caused rapid clearing of their lipaemias, only suggestive but nonsignificant increases in plasma esterase activity occurred (Levy & Swank, 1954). The activity of normal plasma was also found to be much higher in humans than in dogs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physiological role of these enzymes is not well-defined, however, and it has not been possible to assign to them a normal fat-splitting function. Since the injection of heparin causes a marked increase in the tributyrin esterase activity of dog plasma and a questionable increase in that of human plasma (Levy & Swank, 1954), the following questions arose:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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