The Effects of Andrographis paniculata on Platelet Activity in Healthy Thai Volunteers

Abstract

Background. Andrographis paniculata (AP) has been used in Thai traditional medicine to treat various infections, including the common cold and fever. Its bioactive compound, andrographolide, has shown antiplatelet activities in an in vitro study model. Since clinical studies of the effects of AP on the human platelet function have never been reported, we investigated its effect on platelet activity in ten healthy volunteers. Methods. Two grams of AP was taken 3 times within one day. The blood was withdrawn by venipuncture before and 2 and 24 hours after the AP administration to analyze the effects of AP on platelet aggregation, the expression of enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) mRNA and protein, and TXB2, including P-selectin. Result. Even though there was no significant change in the studied parameters, this study exhibited patient-to-patient variability in platelet function. It was found that ADP-induced platelet aggregation tended to decrease after AP administration, while epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation in females tended to be higher than that in males for the entire study period. Moreover, COX-1 mRNA levels tended to decrease while P-selectin levels tended to rise after AP administration. Conclusion. These controversial results are possibly due to the multifactorial mechanisms of platelet aggregation as well as the multichemical composition of AP. Further study, probably at the molecular level, is needed to unveil the underlying mechanisms of action of AP.

Network pharmacology integrated with experimental validation revealed the anti-inflammatory effects of Andrographis paniculata

“…Clinically, it is applied in the treatment of diseases including respiratory tract infections, gastroenteritis, cold, fever 19 , and hypertension. Modern pharmacological studies show that Chuan Xinlian harbors anti-bacterial, anti-tumor 20 , cardiovascular protection 21 , hypoglycemic 22 , platelet aggregation inhibition 23 , liver protection 24 , among other effects with the anti-inflammatory effect being the most prominent 25 .…”

The Effect of The Thai Herbal Wattana Formula on Platelet Aggregation and The Relationship with Innate Dhatu Chao Ruean

“…The aggregation pattern observed in the 40 participants of this study before treatment is similar to one observed previously in healthy subjects and is known as hyperaggregation. 13,14 According to Thai traditional medicine theory, which supports these findings, the participants' Earth iCDR is the heaviest, slowestchanging element. Due to these reasons, no disaggregation pattern was observed.…”

The antithrombosis effect of dehydroandrographolide succinate: in vitro and in vivo studies

“…However, as mentioned above, some other researchers only found that it had an inhibitory trend on platelet aggregation in patients, but did not find any changes in COX mRNA expression and arachidonic acid metabolites that caused this effect (Sirikarin et al. 2018 ). Therefore, it is necessary to systematically review the role of its compounds in haemostatic system.…”

“…Although, in recent years, AP has been reported to inhibit platelet aggregation potentially, it has not been observed to affect the mRNA expression of COX or the production of TXB 2 and P-selectin in clinical study (Sirikarin et al. 2018 ). In conclusion, a clear consensus on the specific mechanism underlying these phenomena is currently unavailable.…”