The Effects of Hyperlipidemia on Implant Osseointegration in the Mouse Femur

Abstract

A high-fat (HF) diet inducing hyperlipidemia has been associated with the pathophysiology of major diseases, such as atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. A HF diet has significant adverse effects on bone, including lower bone density, volume and strength. Statins, drugs that lower serum cholesterol levels have beneficial effects on bone metabolism. Since host’s bone quantity, quality and healing potential play a crucial role in osseointegration of dental implants, we hypothesized that hyperlipidemia may negatively affect implant osseointegration. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of hyperlipidemia on implant osseointegration in mice. Atherosclerosis susceptible C57BL/6J male mice were randomly placed on a control chow or an HF diet. After 12 weeks on the diet, each mouse received a titanium implant in the proximal metaphysis of the femur. The animals were sacrificed at 4 or 8 weeks after the implant surgery. Results showed that the HF diet fed mice had significantly increased implant loss as well as decreased formation and strength of bone-to-implant interface. These results support the hypothesis that an HF diet can significantly compromise osseointegration, causing poor outcome in dental implant therapy.

A diet high in fat and fructose adversely affects osseointegration of titanium implants in rats

“…However, in both these studies, the high-fat diet was commenced prior to implant placement. Trabecular bone outcomes have been reported to be worse in male compared with female rats (Gautam et al, 2014), and this study supports this finding, reporting a reduction of less than 20% in bone-to-implant contact compared with over 20% in male mice (Keuroghlian et al, 2015). The data from the pull-out tests suggest that the biomechanical properties of the interface may be compromised in both the intervention groups, and the relatively less bone tissue adhered to the extracted implant ( Figure 6) noted in these groups supports this finding.…”

“…Compromised bone‐to‐implant contact was noted in both the HFHF and dHFHF groups despite the increased healing time in the dHFHF group. A similar high‐fat‐diet‐induced reduction in bone‐to‐implant contact has been reported in female minipigs and male mice (Coelho et al, ; Keuroghlian et al, ). However, in both these studies, the high‐fat diet was commenced prior to implant placement.…”

“…A combination of high fat and high fructose has been shown to result in uncoupling of bone formation and resorption leading to reduced trabecular bone volumes (Wong, Chin, Suhaimi, Ahmad, & Ima-Nirwana, 2018). Finally, a diet high in fat has been shown to adversely affect the initiation of osseointegration in both mini pigs and mice, respectively, by reducing the bone-to-implant contact and biomechanical properties of the interface (Coelho et al, 2018;Keuroghlian et al, 2015). The link between diet and bone metabolism may be provided by the fact that osteoblasts and adipocytes arise from a common mesenchymal stem cell within the bone marrow and that lineage selection can be affected by both local and systemic changes (Gregoire, Smas, & Sul, 1998).…”

Basis of bone metabolism around dental implants during osseointegration and peri‐implant bone loss

“…The influence of obesity and increased levels of cholesterol and triglycerides have been extensively described in the medical field but the effect of hyperlipidemia on dental implant osseointegration has not yet been fully elucidated . Significantly more peri‐implant bone loss, reduced bone formation, and lower strength in the bone‐implant interface has previously been reported in mice after a 12 week high‐fat diet . However, Dündar et al .…”

Impact of Anxiety on the Satisfaction of Dental Implant Patients

“…Obesity was also linked to certain dental problems, including reports of a connection between chronic periodontitis and obesity, poor outcome following periodontal treatment, and increases in the probability of complications after implant surgery . Additionally, high‐fat diets have been shown to compromise osseointegration, resulting in poor results in dental implant treatment …”