The Effects of Hydration Parameters and Co-Surfactants on Methylene Blue-Loaded Niosomes Prepared by the Thin Film Hydration Method

Yeo, Li Key; Chaw, Cheng; Elkordy, Amal

doi:10.3390/ph12020046

Cited by 52 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The hydration time also positively influenced the EE % at P < 0.05. This observation was in accordance with previous studies [ 13 , 40 ]. Furthermore, increasing the pH of the hydrating buffer caused a significant increase in the EE of the FLB.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

RETRACTED: Intranasal Niosomal In Situ Gel as a Promising Approach for Enhancing Flibanserin Bioavailability and Brain Delivery: In Vitro Optimization and Ex Vivo/In Vivo Evaluation

et al. 2020

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Flibanserin (FLB) is a multifunctional serotonergic agent that was recently approved by the FDA for the oral treatment of premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. FLB is a centrally acting drug that has a low oral bioavailability of 33% owing to its exposure to the hepatic first-pass effect, as well as its pH-dependent solubility, which could be an obstacle hindering the drug dissolution and absorption via mucosal barriers. Thus, this work aimed at overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks and promoting the nose-to-brain delivery of FLB via the formulation of an intra-nasal in situ niosomal gel. The Box–Behnken design was employed to study the impact of Span® 85 concentration (X1), hydration time (X2), and pH of the hydrating buffer (X3) on the vesicle size and drug entrapment. The optimized formulation exhibited a spherical shape with a vesicular size of 46.35 nm and entrapment efficiency of 92.48%. The optimized FLB niosomes integrated into gellan gum-based in situ gel exhibited enhanced ex vivo permeation and improved plasma and brain concentrations after nasal administration in rats compared to raw FLB. These findings highlight the capability of the proposed intra-nasal FLB niosomal in situ gel to boost the drug bioavailability and to promote its direct delivery to the brain.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

RETRACTED: Intranasal Niosomal In Situ Gel as a Promising Approach for Enhancing Flibanserin Bioavailability and Brain Delivery: In Vitro Optimization and Ex Vivo/In Vivo Evaluation

et al. 2020

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“…A high percentage of glycerol solution, producing a smaller particle size, may be due to high intermolecular bonding between the components and the hydration medium. Yeo et al [27] also found that niosomes containing Span 60: Cholesterol: Cremophor® ELP with 5 mL hydration volume and 60 min hydration time produced smaller niosome particle sizes and more stable niosomes compared to shorter hydration time of 15 min and lower volume of 2.5 mL. However, longer hydration time contributed to reduce in niosomes particle size despite different hydration volumes.…”

Section: D-optimal Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

Aerosolized Niosome Formulation Containing Gemcitabine and Cisplatin for Lung Cancer Treatment: Optimization, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation

et al. 2021

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Gemcitabine (Gem) and cisplatin (Cis) are currently being used for lung cancer treatment, but they are highly toxic in high dosages. This research aimed to develop a niosome formulation containing a low-dosage Gem and Cis (NGC), as an alternative formulation for lung cancer treatment. NGC was prepared using a very simple heating method and was further optimized by D-optimal mixture design. The optimum NGC formulation with particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential of 166.45 nm, 0.16, and −15.28 mV, respectively, was obtained and remained stable at 27 °C with no phase separation for up to 90 days. The aerosol output was 96.22%, which indicates its suitability as aerosolized formulation. An in vitro drug release study using the dialysis bag diffusion technique showed controlled release for both drugs up to 24 h penetration. A cytotoxicity study against normal lung (MRC5) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines was investigated. The results showed that the optimized NGC had reduced cytotoxicity effects against both MRC5 and A549 when compared with the control (Gem + Cis alone) from very toxic (IC50 < 1.56 µg/mL) to weakly toxic (IC50 280.00 µg/mL) and moderately toxic (IC50 = 46.00 µg/mL), respectively, after 72 h of treatment. These findings revealed that the optimized NGC has excellent potential and is a promising prospect in aerosolized delivery systems to treat lung cancer that warrants further investigation.

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“…Studies showed that with an increase hydration volume, there is a decreasing trend in entrapment efficiency and particle size. This behavior can be explained by the possibility that increasing the hydration volume may increase drug leakage from the niosomes and lead to a reduction in entrapment and vesicle size [32]. Ruckmani et al studied the effect of various variables, such as hydration time, sonication time, charge-inducing agent, centrifugation, and rotational speed of flask evaporation, on the amount of zidovudine loading in the niosome and its release.…”

Section: Fabrication and Optimization Of E Angustifolia-loaded Niosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Echinacea angustifolia Extract against Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae through Niosome Encapsulation

et al. 2021

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With the increased occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, alternatives to classical antibiotics are urgently needed for treatment of various infectious diseases. Medicinal plant extracts are among the promising candidates due to their bioactive components. The aim of this study was to prepare niosome-encapsulated Echinacea angustifolia extract and study its efficacy against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Encapsulation was first optimized by Design of Experiments, followed by the empirical study. The obtained niosomes were further characterized for the size and morphology using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Spherical niosomes had a diameter of 142.3 ± 5.1 nm, as measured by DLS. The entrapment efficiency (EE%) of E. angustifolia extract reached up to 77.1% ± 0.3%. The prepared niosomes showed a controlled drug release within the tested 72 h and a storage stability of at least 2 months at both 4 and 25 °C. The encapsulated E. angustifolia displayed up to 16-fold higher antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant K.pneumoniae strains, compared to the free extract. Additionally, the niosome exhibited negligible cytotoxicity against human foreskin fibroblasts. We anticipate that the results presented herein could contribute to the preparation of other plant extracts with improved stability and antibacterial activity, and will help reduce the overuse of antibiotics by controlled release of natural-derived drugs.

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The Effects of Hydration Parameters and Co-Surfactants on Methylene Blue-Loaded Niosomes Prepared by the Thin Film Hydration Method

Cited by 52 publications

References 5 publications

RETRACTED: Intranasal Niosomal In Situ Gel as a Promising Approach for Enhancing Flibanserin Bioavailability and Brain Delivery: In Vitro Optimization and Ex Vivo/In Vivo Evaluation

RETRACTED: Intranasal Niosomal In Situ Gel as a Promising Approach for Enhancing Flibanserin Bioavailability and Brain Delivery: In Vitro Optimization and Ex Vivo/In Vivo Evaluation

Aerosolized Niosome Formulation Containing Gemcitabine and Cisplatin for Lung Cancer Treatment: Optimization, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation

Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Echinacea angustifolia Extract against Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae through Niosome Encapsulation

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