The effects of hunger on locomotory behaviour in two species of wolf spider (Araneae, Lycosidae)

Walker, Sean E.; Marshall, Samuel D.; Rypstra, Ann L.; Taylor, Douglus H.

doi:10.1006/anbe.1999.1180

Cited by 76 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These traits are also important traits in female mate choice and may thus be honest signals of male quality (Mappes et al 1996;Parri et al 1997;Uetz et al 2002). Though still able to maintain minimal normal activities, spiders under natural conditions often starve (Anderson 1974;Walker et al 2000); therefore the investment in gift construction could be an indicator of male quality in P. mirabilis. In spite of some contradictions in the literature, silk wrapping seems to give males several reproductive advantages, influencing female mate acceptance, promoting longer copulations and consequently higher fertilization success (Lang 1996;Stålhandske 2002;Bilde et al 2007;Andersen et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Differences in diet among individuals may not only affect survival, development, maturation time and final adult size, but also reproductive behaviour and the development and characteristics of secondary sexual traits (Anderson 1974;Uetz et al 2002;Toft and Wise 1999;Walker et al 2000;Lomborg and Toft 2009). Indeed, it has been suggested that the ''tufts'' on the forelegs of the spider Schizocosa ocreata and the percussive ''drumming'' by the spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata vary according to male feeding condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Condition dependence of male nuptial gift construction in the spider Pisaura mirabilis (Pisauridae)

Albo

Toft

Bilde

2011

J Ethol

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Pisaura mirabilis males offer a prey wrapped in silk as a nuptial gift that functions as a male mating effort. If nuptial gift construction is costly, males in poor feeding condition would invest less in this behaviour than males in good condition. We investigated frequencies and characteristics of gift construction in males under different sexual stimuli and different feeding conditions. We analysed gift construction behaviours of 17 males exposed sequentially to three treatments: female silk (S), female silk plus female (SF) and no female cues (control; C). The same individuals were first tested when in good feeding condition (young/satiated) and subsequently in poor feeding condition (old/starved). A separate group in good feeding condition controlling for effects of male age was also tested (old/satiated). Presence of female cues (S and SF) elicited much stronger gift construction response in males compared with the control group. Both groups of satiated males constructed nuptial gifts more frequently than starved males, spending more time on gift construction and using more silk. Our findings show that poor feeding condition affects pre-copulatory gift construction behaviour. Nuptial gift construction may be an honest indicator of male condition and therefore a target of female choice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condition dependence of male nuptial gift construction in the spider Pisaura mirabilis (Pisauridae)

Albo

Toft

Bilde

2011

J Ethol

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“…Other literature on foraging strategy has investigated the role of predator hunger or attributes of prey species other than average rate of movement on hunting strategy (Inoue and Marsura, 1983;Walker et al, 1999;Ware, 1972;Orsdol, 1984); our model, reflecting its assumptions, suggests that prey velocity more than any other characteristic has a significant causal role in choice of search strategy by an associated predator. Future empirical research on hunting style across a wider range of animal species that contrasts the effects of average prey rate of movement with other predictors will be of importance in the empirical evaluation of our model and others.…”

Section: The Broader Contextmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sit-and-wait versus active-search hunting: A behavioral ecological model of optimal search mode

Ross

Winterhalder

2015

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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We model the behavioral ecology of search mode for randomly moving predator and prey. Active-search is favored at low prey movement velocity, ambush at high prey velocity. Sit-and-wait mode is favored if predator movement is energetically costly. Ambush is favored if faster predator velocity alerts prey or impedes their detection. Optimal predator velocity in active-search mode balances costs against prey movement. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tDrawing on Skellam's (1958) work on sampling animal populations using transects, we derive a behavioral ecological model of the choice between sit-and-wait and active-search hunting. Using simple, biologically based assumptions about the characteristics of predator and prey, we show how an empirically definable parameter space favoring active-search hunting expands as: (1) the average rate of movement of prey decreases, or (2) the energetic costs of hunter locomotion decline. The same parameter space narrows as: (3) prey skittishness increases as a function of a hunter's velocity, or (4) prey become less detectable as a function of a hunter's velocity. Under either search tactic, encounter rate increases as a function of increasing prey velocity and increasing detection zone radius. Additionally, we investigate the roles of habitat heterogeneity and spatial auto-correlation or grouping of prey on the optimal search mode of a hunter, finding that habitat heterogeneity has the potential to complicate application of the model to some empirical examples, while the effects of prey grouping lead to relatively similar model outcomes. As predicted by the model, the introduction of the horse to the Great Plains and the introduction of the snowmobile to Arctic foraging communities decreased the metabolic costs of active-search and led to a change in normative hunting strategies that favored active-search in place of sit-and-wait hunting.

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“…The outcome of predatory interactions is influenced by the physiological state of the animals, attack strategies, inherent aggressiveness, and hunger level (WALKER et al 1999;WALKER & RYPSTRA 2003;MAYNTZ et al 2005). Relative sizes of individuals are also an important factor in the interaction process (FORMANOWICZ et al 1981;RYPSTRA & SAMU 2005;WISE 2006b), with larger spiders taking larger prey and smaller spiders taking smaller prey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Are cannibalism and tarantula predation factors in the spatial distribution of the wolf spiderLycosa subfusca(Araneae Lycosidae)?

Dor

Hénaut

2011

Ethology Ecology & Evolution

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In this work we studied the effect of size-dependent predation and cannibalism on the spatial distribution of the wolf spider Lycosa subfusca, which shares its habitat with a bigger spider: the tarantula Brachypelma vagans, in the Yucatan Peninsula. We examined (i) in the field, the predation interaction between medium tarantulas and large, medium and small wolf spiders; (ii) in the laboratory, size-dependent cannibalism in the wolf spider; and (iii) the simultaneous occurrence of small, medium and large tarantulas, and small, medium and large wolf spiders in three sites in the field (secondary forest, backyard and grazed lawn). In predation interactions, tarantulas attacked large wolf spiders more frequently than medium ones (55% vs 25%), and never attacked small ones. Cannibalism experiments in the wolf spider showed that attack was always initiated by the larger individual. Attack frequencies increased with spider size, but capture success was similar regardless of spider size. Medium and large wolf spiders were much more abundant in the secondary forest, where tarantulas were absent, than in the other two sites. In contrast, small wolf spiders were much more abundant than large ones in both the backyard and grazed lawn, where tarantulas were common. Spatial segregation of large wolf spiders in the secondary forest appears to be related to the absence of tarantulas. On the other hand, small wolf spiders may prefer sites with tarantulas to avoid predation by larger wolf spiders. In conclusion, the spatial distribution of Lycosa subfusca seems to be the result of the predation by tarantulas and conspecifics.

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The effects of hunger on locomotory behaviour in two species of wolf spider (Araneae, Lycosidae)

Cited by 76 publications

References 35 publications

Condition dependence of male nuptial gift construction in the spider Pisaura mirabilis (Pisauridae)

Condition dependence of male nuptial gift construction in the spider Pisaura mirabilis (Pisauridae)

Sit-and-wait versus active-search hunting: A behavioral ecological model of optimal search mode

Are cannibalism and tarantula predation factors in the spatial distribution of the wolf spiderLycosa subfusca(Araneae Lycosidae)?

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