The effects of house spraying with DDT or lambda-cyhalothrin against Anopheles arabiensis on measures of malarial morbidity in children in Tanzania

Mnzava, A.E.P.; Rwegoshora, R. T.; Tanner, Marcel; Msuya, F.H.M.; Curtis, C. F.; Irare, S. G.

doi:10.1016/0001-706x(93)90060-o

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…arabiensis alone is identified as the main vector, comparison of average malaria prevalence before and after spraying showed the reduction in prevalence from 86% prior to spraying to 75% after spraying in operational villages but slightly increased in the control (unsprayed) villages (15). In the highlands of Kenya, IRS with DDT was found to reduce malaria incidence significantly (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Tanzania, most An. arabiensis were found to exit from DDT-sprayed houses just after blood meals, compared with houses that were sprayed with lambda-cyhalothrin from which they left without taking blood meals (15). One possible explanation behind the vector departing quickly from the sprayed houses was the irritant and exito-repellency effect of DDT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of indoor residual spraying on malaria incidence in East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

Hamusse

Balcha

Belachew

2012

Global Health Action

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BackgroundIn Ethiopia, nearly 70% of the population resides in areas prone to malaria infection. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of indoor residual spraying (IRS) on the incidence of malaria in East Shoa Zone of Ethiopia.MethodsData from the registers of malaria cases at Debrezeit Malaria Control Center in East Shoa Zone of Ethiopia were collected and analyzed. Records of 22 villages with no previous rounds of spraying that were entirely covered with IRS using DDT during the peak malaria transmission season of 2001 and 2002 and other 22 adjacent villages with similar malaria incidence but remained unsprayed were used for the analyses.ResultsThe incidence of malaria in 2011 and 2002 among the sprayed villages was lower than the respective preceding years for both Plasmodium species (incidence rate ratio 0.60; CI 0.35 to 0.95; p < 0.0001). After the focal spray, there was significant reduction in malaria incidence in the villages sprayed. Spraying was associated with a 62% reduction in malaria incidence.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that IRS with DDT was effective in reducing malaria incidence in highland epidemic-prone areas in the East Shoa Zone of Ethiopia. A larger scale study should evaluate the effectiveness of DDT in reducing malaria incidence against its environmental impact and alternative strategies for malaria prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of indoor residual spraying on malaria incidence in East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

Hamusse

Balcha

Belachew

2012

Global Health Action

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“…Vector control in Africa can target all stages of the mosquito life cycle, but has historically focused almost exclusively on adult control based on indoor residual house spraying (Mnzava et al . 1993; Curtis 1994; Roberts et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and efficiency of new Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus formulations against Afrotropical anophelines in Western Kenya

Fillinger

Knols

Becker³

2003

Tropical Med Int Health

170

153

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SummaryWe evaluated the efficacy of new water-dispersible granular (WDG) formulations of Bacillus thuringienis var. israelensis (Bti; VectoBac Ò ) and B. sphaericus (Bs; VectoLex Ò , Valent BioScience Corp., Illinois, USA) for the control of larval Anopheles gambiae sensu lato Giles mosquitoes in a malaria-endemic area around Lake Victoria, Western Kenya. WDG and powder formulations were compared in laboratory bioassays and followed by efficiency and residual effect assessments of both WDG formulations in open field experiments. LC 50 and LC 95 values for the Bti/Bs strains and their formulations show high susceptibility of A. gambiae sensu stricto under laboratory conditions. The larvae proved more susceptible to Bs than to Bti and the WDG formulations were slightly superior to the powder formulations. High efficiency was also shown in the open field trials, and a minimum dosage of 200 g/ha Bti WDG, representing the LC 95 of the laboratory tests, was sufficient to fully suppress emergence of mosquitoes when applied at weekly intervals. Bti WDG did not show a residual effect, irrespective of the concentration applied. The Bs WDG formulation, however, showed significant larval reductions up to 11 days post-treatment at application doses of either 1 or 5 kg/ha. We conclude that the main malaria vector in our study area is highly susceptible to these microbial control agents. Minimum effective dosages to achieve elimination of the larval population in a given habitat are extremely low and environmental impact is negligible. Microbial products for larval control have therefore great potential within Integrated Vector Management programmes and may augment control efforts against adult vector stages, such as the use of insecticide-treated bednets, in many parts of Africa.

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“…Two proven vector control strategies are currently advocated to reduce transmission of malarial disease in Africa, namely indoor residual spraying (IRS) [1-5] and insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) [6-9]. Both methods are based on the use of residual insecticides in the intra-domiciliary domain and target mosquito vectors either before (ITNs) or after host-feeding (IRS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MalariaSphere: A greenhouse-enclosed simulation of a natural Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) ecosystem in western Kenya

Knols

Njiru

Mathenge

et al. 2002

Malar J

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Background: The development and implementation of innovative vector control strategies for malaria control in Africa requires in-depth ecological studies in contained semi-field environments. This particularly applies to the development and release of genetically-engineered vectors that are refractory to Plasmodium infection. Here we describe a modified greenhouse, designed to simulate a natural Anopheles gambiae Giles ecosystem, and the first successful trials to complete the life-cycle of this mosquito vector therein.

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The effects of house spraying with DDT or lambda-cyhalothrin against Anopheles arabiensis on measures of malarial morbidity in children in Tanzania

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

The impact of indoor residual spraying on malaria incidence in East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

The impact of indoor residual spraying on malaria incidence in East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

Efficacy and efficiency of new Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus formulations against Afrotropical anophelines in Western Kenya

MalariaSphere: A greenhouse-enclosed simulation of a natural Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) ecosystem in western Kenya

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