The Effects of Host Sex and Hormones on Trichinella spiralis in the Mouse

Reddington, John J.; Stewart, G. W.; Kramar, Gary W.; Kramar, Marsha

doi:10.2307/3280489

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Disease prevalence was found to be more in males than in females. This is in accordance with the findings of [24,25]. The infection was again more in Sokoto Gudali than in Red Bororo breed and the White Fulani breed of cattle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Prevalence of Fascioliasis in Cattle Slaughtered in Sokoto Metropolitan Abattoir, Sokoto, Nigeria

Magaji

Ibrahim

Salihu

et al. 2014

Advances in Epidemiology

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The prevalence of fascioliasis in cattle slaughtered in the Sokoto metropolitan abattoir was investigated. Faeces and bile samples were collected and processed using formal ether concentration technique. Gross lesions from 224 out of 1,313 slaughtered cattle were randomly selected and examined. Out of the 224 cattle examined, 95 (42.41%) were males and 129 (57.59%) were females. Out of 95 male cattle examined, 27 (28.42%) were infected and out of 129 females 35 (27.13%) were infected. Based on breed, infection rates were 31 (31.0%), and 31 (25.2%) for breeds of Sokoto Gudali and Red Bororo respectively. No infection was recorded in White Fulani breed. Lesions observed were more in males than in females and more in Red Bororo than in Sokoto Gudali. Overall, prevalence of infection with Fasciola was 27.68%. There was no statistically significant association between infection and breed and between infection and sex of the animals sampled ( > 0.05). Regular treatment of all animals with an effective flukicide, as well as snail habitat control, tracing source of animals, public enlightenment about the disease, proper abattoir inspection, adequate and clean water supply to animals, and payment of compensation of condemned tissues and organs infested with the parasite by government were suggested.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Prevalence of Fascioliasis in Cattle Slaughtered in Sokoto Metropolitan Abattoir, Sokoto, Nigeria

Magaji

Ibrahim

Salihu

et al. 2014

Advances in Epidemiology

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“…The experimentally elevated T levels in the male mice cause an increase in parasite intensity, as predicted under the T-induced immunosuppression paradigm. This is consistent with the results of Reddington et al (1981), who showed that gonadectomized female mice injected with T shed more T. spiralis muscle larvae than male mice. T-induced increases in susceptibility to infection have also been demonstrated in several host-parasite systems (e.g., Hughes and Randolph 2001;Mougeot et al 2006;Cox and John-Alder 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Test of immunocompetence handicap hypothesis in mice (Mus musculus) infected with Trichinella spiralis

Zhang

2014

Can. J. Zool.

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The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (ICHH) proposes that testosterone enhances the expression of sexual traits but suppresses immune function. However, studies to test the hypothesis have shown mixed results. Alternatively, sexual traits, immune function, and parasite susceptibility may be mediated by the stress hormone corticosterone. Here, we report an experimental test of the ICHH that included the manipulation of both testosterone and parasites in male laboratory mice (Mus musculus L., 1758). We conducted a factorial experiment, injecting each individual mouse with testosterone or not and infecting them with the nematode parasite Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) or not. As predicted, testosterone enhanced the scent attractiveness of male mice, whereas parasite infection reduced it, but only in male mice not injected with testosterone. However, we found no evidence that corticosterone is involved in mediating the effects of testosterone. These results confirm that maintaining high testosterone levels entails the cost of increased parasite abundance. This study provides direct evidence supporting the ICHH.Résumé : L'hypothèse du handicap de l'immunocompétence (HHIC) veut que la testostérone rehausse l'expression des caractères sexuels, mais réduise la fonction immunitaire. Les études visant à vérifier cette hypothèse ont toutefois produit des résultats mitigés. Par ailleurs, la corticostérone, une hormone de stress, peut avoir une incidence sur les caractères sexuels, la fonction immunitaire et la susceptibilité aux parasites. Nous faisons état d'un test expérimental de la HHIC qui comprend la manipulation de la testostérone et de parasites chez des souris de laboratoire (Mus musculus L., 1758) mâles. Nous avons mené une expérience factorielle consistant à injecter ou non de la testostérone dans chacune des souris, et de les infecter ou non avec le nématode parasite Trichinella spiralis (Owen, 1835). Conformément aux prédictions, la testostérone rehaussait l'attirance par l'odeur des souris mâles, alors que l'infection par le parasite la réduisait, mais seulement chez les mâles n'ayant pas reçu d'injection de testostérone. Rien n'indique cependant que la corticostérone intervient dans la médiation des effets de la testostérone. Ces résultats confirment le fait que le maintien de fortes concentrations de testostérone entraîne un coût découlant d'une plus grande abondance de parasites. L'étude fournit des observations directes à l'appui de la HHIC. [Traduit par la Rédaction]Mots-clés : hypothèse du handicap de l'immunocompétence, infection, testostérone, corticostérone, attirance par l'odeur, Trichinella spiralis.

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“…Particularly on T. spiralis infections, it has been described a resistance/susceptibility associated to gender's host; in which males are more susceptible than females [22, 23]. Interestingly, in pregnant rats, where progesterone levels is increased, the resistance to T. spiralis infections throught parasite loads in muscle are increased compared to parasite loads in muscle observed in virgin rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Steroids Effects on the Molting Process of the Helminth Human Parasite Trichinella spiralis

Hernández-Bello

Ramírez-Nieto

Muñiz-Hernández

et al. 2011

BioMed Research International

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We evaluated the in vitro effects of estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone on the molting process, which is the initial and crucial step in the development of the muscular larvae (ML or L1) to adult worm. Testosterone had no significative effect on the molting rate of the parasite, however, progesterone decreased the molting rate about a 50% in a concentration- and time-independent pattern, while estradiol had a slight effect (10%). The gene expression of caveolin-1, a specific gene used as a marker of parasite development, showed that progesterone and estradiol downregulated its expression, while protein expression was unaffected. By using flow citometry, a possible protein that is recognized by a commercial antiprogesterone receptor antibody was detected. These findings may have strong implications in the host-parasite coevolution, in the sex-associated susceptibility to this infection and could point out to possibilities to use antihormones to inhibit parasite development.

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The Effects of Host Sex and Hormones on Trichinella spiralis in the Mouse

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence of Fascioliasis in Cattle Slaughtered in Sokoto Metropolitan Abattoir, Sokoto, Nigeria

Prevalence of Fascioliasis in Cattle Slaughtered in Sokoto Metropolitan Abattoir, Sokoto, Nigeria

Test of immunocompetence handicap hypothesis in mice (Mus musculus) infected with Trichinella spiralis

Sex Steroids Effects on the Molting Process of the Helminth Human Parasite Trichinella spiralis

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