The effects of hormonal contraceptives on bone turnover markers and bone health

Herrmann, Markus; Seibel, Markus J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03688.x

Cited by 47 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…This conclusion is consistent with a recent study that reviewed 18 studies with six crosssectional and 12 longitudinal studies documented in the literature until January 2009, which concluded that use of OC is associated with a significant reduction in most but not all markers of bone turnover, although this did not appear to translate to any reduction in fractures [25].…”

Section: Bone Turnover Markerssupporting

confidence: 91%

Oral Contraceptive Use and Bone

Wei

Winzenberg

Laslett

et al. 2010

Curr Osteoporos Rep

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Sex hormones play a key role in bone homeostasis, and oral contraceptive (OC) use may affect bone mass in women. However, the nature of the association between OC use and bone remains controversial. This paper critically reviews studies on OC use and bone published between January 2009 and August 2010. Studies of OC use and bone mass mainly focus on adolescents or young adults and showed mixed results. Weak evidence suggests that OC use has no effect or a beneficial effect on bone mass, except in women commencing OCs shortly after menarche, and a consistently negative effect on bone turnover markers. A limited number of studies have examined the effect of ultra-low-dose OC (20 μg ethinyl estradiol) on bone mass in adolescents or young adults, and present conflicting results. The lack of randomized trials indicates that further high-quality prospective studies are required to investigate the effect of OC use on bone mass, particularly the optimal dose and timing of initiation of OC use in adolescents requiring contraception.

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Section: Bone Turnover Markerssupporting

confidence: 91%

Oral Contraceptive Use and Bone

Wei

Winzenberg

Laslett

et al. 2010

Curr Osteoporos Rep

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“…This is an important consideration for long-term management of patients using PEGLA as a contraceptive. Currently, both the combined oral hormonal contraceptives (COC) and progestin-only contraceptives (POC) are associated with changed bone metabolism, including decreased bone turnover (COC, POC) and bone resorption (POC) [46]. By contrast, the progestin-releasing intrauterine device Mirena is not associated with reduced bone mineral density [47], likely because systemic levels of progestin are minimized by the local site of administration and the reduced dose required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginally Administered PEGylated LIF Antagonist Blocked Embryo Implantation and Eliminated Non-Target Effects on Bone in Mice

Menkhorst¹,

Zhang

Sims

et al. 2011

PLoS ONE

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Female-controlled contraception/HIV prevention is critical to address health issues associated with gender inequality. Therefore, a contraceptive which can be administered in tandem with a microbicide to inhibit sexually transmitted infections, is desirable. Uterine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is obligatory for blastocyst implantation in mice and associated with infertility in women. We aimed to determine whether a PEGylated LIF inhibitor (PEGLA) was an effective contraceptive following vaginal delivery and to identify non-uterine targets of PEGLA in mice.Vaginally-applied 125I-PEGLA accumulated in blood more slowly (30 min vs 10 min) and showed reduced tissue and blood retention (24 h vs 96 h) compared to intraperitoneal injection in mice. Vaginally-applied PEGLA blocked implantation. PEGLA administered by intraperitoneal injection inhibited bone remodelling whereas vaginally-applied PEGLA had no effect on bone. Further, PEGLA had no effect in an animal model of multiple sclerosis, experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis, suggesting PEGLA cannot target the central nervous system.Vaginally-administered PEGLA is a promising non-hormonal contraceptive, one which could be delivered alone, or in tandem with a microbicide. Vaginal application reduced the total dose of PEGLA required to block implantation and eliminated the systemic effect on bone, showing the vagina is a promising site of administration for larger drugs which target organs within the reproductive tract.

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“…Ethinyl estradiol, used in most oral contraceptive pills, is a potent synthetic E2 analog that is not metabolized to E2 (Klein et al, ). Use of oral contraceptives for HRT is generally not recommended in young women with Turner syndrome; EE is the least physiologic and potential adverse effects include higher blood pressure, insulin resistance, and it may also be suboptimal for bone health (Herrmann & Seibel, ). Exceptionally, young women with Turner syndrome mosaicism who have spontaneous cycles and desire contraception, may wish to use oral contraceptives containing EE.…”

Section: Endocrine Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition and management of adults with Turner syndrome: From the transition of adolescence through the senior years

Lin

Prakash

Andersen

et al. 2019

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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Turner syndrome is recognized now as a syndrome familiar not only to pediatricians and pediatric specialists, medical geneticists, adult endocrinologists, and cardiologists, but also increasingly to primary care providers, internal medicine specialists, obstetricians, and reproductive medicine specialists. In addition, the care of women with Turner syndrome may involve social services, and various educational and neuropsychologic therapies. This article focuses on the recognition and management of Turner syndrome

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The effects of hormonal contraceptives on bone turnover markers and bone health

Cited by 47 publications

References 91 publications

Oral Contraceptive Use and Bone

Oral Contraceptive Use and Bone

Vaginally Administered PEGylated LIF Antagonist Blocked Embryo Implantation and Eliminated Non-Target Effects on Bone in Mice

Recognition and management of adults with Turner syndrome: From the transition of adolescence through the senior years

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