The Effects of High-Dose Toluene on Embryonic Development in the Rat

Gospe, Sídney M.; Saeed, Dianne B; Zhou, Shan; Zeman, Frances J.

doi:10.1203/00006450-199412000-00023

Cited by 31 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In animal models of FAS, selective microencephaly results following ethanol exposure [Samson, 1986;Renò et al, 1994]. Our results, however, are in agreement with those obtained by other investigators, after either high in utero exposures [Gospe et al, 1994[Gospe et al, , 1996Gospe and Zhou, 2000], or subabuse level of postnatal toluene exposures [Da Silva et al, 1991;Stumph et al, 1985].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 34%

“…In this rat model, dams are exposed to toluene by gavage from gestational day 6 to 19. Abnormalities found in fetuses of embryonic day 19 or pups of postnatal day (PND) 10 or 21 included growth retardation, decreases in forebrain protein and DNA content, a decrease in forebrain cholesterol/DNA ratio (suggestive of an effect of toluene on myelin development), and significant alterations of the cortical cytoarchitecture and neuronal generation [Gospe et al, 1994[Gospe et al, , 1996Zhou, 1998, 2000].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, an animal model for toluene embryopathy has been developed [Gospe et al, 1994[Gospe et al, , 1996Zhou, 1998, 2000]. In this rat model, dams are exposed to toluene by gavage from gestational day 6 to 19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental Neurotoxicity of Toluene: in vivo and in vitro Effects on Astroglial Cells

et al. 2003

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Toluene, an inexpensive and available industrial solvent, has become increasingly popular as a drug of abuse. Inhaling toluene leads to a feeling of euphoria and several reports have shown that children born to women who had abused toluene during pregnancy present a syndrome (toluene embryopathy or fetal solvent syndrome) that is characterized by CNS effects (e.g. microencephaly), growth retardation and facial dysmorphologies. The characteristics of the fetal solvent syndrome are very similar to those observed in the fetal alcohol syndrome. As exposure of rats to ethanol during the brain growth spurt has been shown to cause microencephaly and to affect glial cell proliferation and maturation, the present study examines the effects of toluene administration (250, 500 and 750 mg/kg) in neonatal rats from postnatal day 4 to 10. This treatment resulted in a significant decrease in both brain and body weights, and in a significant reduction of levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, but not of neuron-specific enolase in rat brain. In vitro experiments demonstrate that pharmacologically relevant concentrations of toluene (250–1,000 µM) significantly inhibit proliferation of rat cortical astrocytes without causing overt cytotoxicity. These results indicate that toluene does not cause selective microencephaly; however, it affects brain weight, and appears to target developing astrocytes, possibly by inhibiting their proliferation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 34%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental Neurotoxicity of Toluene: in vivo and in vitro Effects on Astroglial Cells

et al. 2003

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“…Only a handful of studies have examined gross dysmorphology following patterns of prenatal toluene exposure that mimic inhalant abuse (i.e., repeated, high dose short exposures) [8,10,12,26,59]. In previous work examining prenatal binge toluene exposure, repeated 15 min (8,000 or 12,000 ppm) exposure twice a day (30 min total per day) from Gestation Day 8 (GD8) through GD20 produced significant increases in total minor and gross malformations, including reduced body weight, soft tissue anomalies (e.g., missing eyes), and skeletal abnormalities (shortened and/or missing digits and missing limbs, reduced skeletal ossification), "runting" and fetal or postnatal death [8,51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Behavioral Consequences of Prenatal Binge Toluene Exposure in Adolescent Rats

López‐Rubalcava¹,

Chávez-Alvarez²,

Huerta-Rivas³

et al. 2014

Journal of Drug and Alcohol Research

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The continued abuse of inhaled organic solvents, especially among women of childbearing age, raises the risk of long-term behavioral effects of maternal toluene abuse. In this study, the effects of short-term exposures to high toluene concentrations (i.e., "binges") were tested in independent groups of adolescent rats with different toluene treatments: (a) acute: 30-day-old animals exposed for 30 min to air (A) or 6,000 ppm toluene (T); (b) prenatal and postnatal: rats exposed to T or A from gestation days 8-20 and re-exposed to T or A from postnatal day (PN) 22 to PN30 (A/A, T/A, A/T, and T/T, resp.). On PN30, animals were evaluated in different tests. Postnatal toluene exposure produced anxiolytic-like effects in the burying behavior test, and the T/T group received the highest number of electrical shocks. Antinociception was observed in the T, A/T, and T/T groups in the hotplate test. All toluene treatments impaired short-term memory in the object recognition test, but only postnatal exposure impaired long-term memory in the passive avoidance test. Sensitization occurred in the T/T group in locomotor activity. These results indicate that prenatal exposure to a concentration of toluene that does not produce evident malformations can modify behavioral toluene's effects in adolescent rats.

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“…Phalanx:-A lack of ossification at proximal phalanx of 5th finger was observed in all Cd group (Fig. 4), whereas a reduced ossification was observed in most fetuses treated with Cd and Zn simultaneously compared to Cd group and control ( (Gospe et al, 1994). Our data showed that maternal Cd intake during 20 days of pregnancy had no effect on fetal body weight, but significantly decreased femur weight.…”

Section: Fig1: Lateral View Of the 20-days-old Fetuses Showing The Crmentioning

confidence: 54%

Effect of in Utero Cadmium and/or Zinc Exposure on Occurrence of Squeletal Abnormalities.

Boughammoura¹,

Chemek²,

Mimouna³

et al. 2016

IJAR

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The Effects of High-Dose Toluene on Embryonic Development in the Rat

Cited by 31 publications

References 20 publications

Developmental Neurotoxicity of Toluene: in vivo and in vitro Effects on Astroglial Cells

Developmental Neurotoxicity of Toluene: in vivo and in vitro Effects on Astroglial Cells

Long-Term Behavioral Consequences of Prenatal Binge Toluene Exposure in Adolescent Rats

Effect of in Utero Cadmium and/or Zinc Exposure on Occurrence of Squeletal Abnormalities.

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