The effects of hexavalent and trivalent chromium on fertilization and development in sea urchins

Pagano, Giovanni; Esposito, A.; Bove, Patrizia; Angelis, Marialuisa de; Rota, Annamaria; Giordano, Giovan Giacomo

doi:10.1016/0013-9351(83)90230-x

Cited by 70 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Observations of larvae were performed on living plutei (n"100 for each replicate) immobilized in 10\ M chromium sulfate (Pagano et al, 1983(Pagano et al, , 1986. The following outcomes were evaluated: (i) retarded (R) plutei [4 size vs normal (N) plutei]; (ii) pathologic (P1) malformed plutei; (iii) pathologic embryos (P2) that were unable to di!erentiate up to the pluteus larval stage; and (iv) dead (D) embryos/larvae [scored as dead plutei (D1) or early dead embryos (D2)].…”

Section: Sea Urchinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Bauxite Manufacturing By-products in Sea Urchin Embryos

Pagano

Meriç

Biase

et al. 2002

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Section: Sea Urchinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Bauxite Manufacturing By-products in Sea Urchin Embryos

Pagano

Meriç

Biase

et al. 2002

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…They discuss specific investigations of one or few metals [14][15][16][17][18] or toxicity test one at a time [19][20][21][22][23]. Many studies concerning sensitivity of sea urchin bioassays to heavy metals as pure substances have been published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Heavy Metals Using Sperm Cell and Embryo Toxicity Bioassays With Paracentrotus Lividus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): Comparisons With Exposure Concentrations in the Lagoon of Venice, Italy

Novelli¹,

Losso²,

Ghetti³

et al. 2003

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Sperm cell and embryo toxicity tests using the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus Lmk were performed to assess the toxicity of As3+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Hg2+. The aim of this study was to improve information about the comparative sensitivity of sea urchin bioassays to the heavy metals, which are an important cause of contamination in the ecosystem of the Lagoon of Venice. Considering the data in mM/L, the order of toxicity is Hg2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > As3+ > or = Cr3+ > or = Cd2+ > or = Pb2+ > or = Ni2+ for the sperm cell test and Hg2+ > or = Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+ > Ni2+ > As3+ > or = Cr3+ for the embryo test. New toxicity data for metals expressed as median effective concentration (EC50) and no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) are reported for the Mediterranean species. Accurate observations of embryotoxic effects at increasing metal concentrations were done, detecting some different behaviors in metal toxicity. Toxicity data compared with water column and pore-water concentrations recorded in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy) demonstrate the potential ability of bioassays using sea urchin to detect important contaminants in this ecosystem.

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“…At the highest concentration, the frequency of embryos whose development had blocked at the blastula/gastrula stage (55%) was significant increased (p < 0.005), a phenomenon rarely observed at low concentrations. As with NP, based on (Pagano et al 1983). N Normal plutei, R retarded plutei, P1 pathologic malformed plutei (skeletal malformations), P2 pathologic embryos (blocked blastula/gastrula).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Living specimens were then immobilized with 10 -4 M CrSO 4 , and 100 individuals were selected randomly from each test concentration and examined under light microscopy. The following outcomes were evaluated: normal plutei (N), retarded Ò) plutei, pathologic malformed plutei (P1), pathologic embryos (P2) unable to differentiate up to the pluteus larval stages and dead (D) embryos/larvae (Pagano et al 1983) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryotoxic effects of nonylphenol and octylphenol in sea urchin Arbacia lixula

Arslan

Parlak

2007

Ecotoxicology

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Nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP), both of which are biodegradation products of alkylphenols, are widely used in industrial applications and in some domestic products. These chemicals are found widely in surface water and aquatic sediments. We have carried out a comparative embryotoxicity analysis of the effects of increasing concentrations of NP (seven concentrations ranging from 0.937 to 18.74 microg/l) and OP (six concentrations ranging from 5 to 160 microg/l) on embryos of the sea urchin Arbacia lixula. The indicators evaluated were larval malformations, developmental arrest and embryonic/larval mortality. The results revealed that low concentrations of these chemicals (NP, OP) generally caused malformations in the skeletal system. High concentrations (18.74 microg NP/l, 160 microg OP/l) were found to inhibit the growth of embryos in the early life stages by preventing mitosis. We conclude that NP and OP present a major risk to the normal development of A. lixula at the low concentrations that have been recorded in the environment. These chemicals are therefore most likely to represent an ecological hazard at the population level given the cumulative effects of other environmental pollutants.

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The effects of hexavalent and trivalent chromium on fertilization and development in sea urchins

Cited by 70 publications

References 13 publications

Toxicity of Bauxite Manufacturing By-products in Sea Urchin Embryos

Toxicity of Bauxite Manufacturing By-products in Sea Urchin Embryos

Toxicity of Heavy Metals Using Sperm Cell and Embryo Toxicity Bioassays With Paracentrotus Lividus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea): Comparisons With Exposure Concentrations in the Lagoon of Venice, Italy

Embryotoxic effects of nonylphenol and octylphenol in sea urchin Arbacia lixula

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