The effects of heat input on adjacent paths during Automated Fibre Placement

Lichtinger, Roland; Hörmann, P.; Stelzl, D.; Hinterhölzl, Roland

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.10.004

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is highly undesired as it leads to uneven heating of material and potential burning [43]. Lichtinger [35] noted that most existing models including radiative heating apply the heat input constantly over a certain area. When considering infrared lamps as quasi Lambert-radiator, their specific radiation distribution causes a non-constant irradiation distribution [35].…”

Section: Infraredmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lichtinger [35] noted that most existing models including radiative heating apply the heat input constantly over a certain area. When considering infrared lamps as quasi Lambert-radiator, their specific radiation distribution causes a non-constant irradiation distribution [35]. Therefore, several authors have used the geometric view factor 12 to calculate the irradiance of the relevant surfaces [35,37,67,68].…”

Section: Infraredmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When considering infrared lamps as quasi Lambert-radiator, their specific radiation distribution causes a non-constant irradiation distribution [35]. Therefore, several authors have used the geometric view factor 12 to calculate the irradiance of the relevant surfaces [35,37,67,68]. It is defined as the fraction of the radiation leaving a surface 1 , such as an infrared lamp bank, striking a surface 2 , such as a substrate, directly to the total emitted radiation by surface 1 and the general form is [72]:…”

Section: Infraredmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calculated view factor was used to determine the irradiance depending on the position in a numerical model [37]. Lichtinger [35] assumed a point source for their calculations, as the infrared lamp's dimensions are small compared to the tool. When considering a three dimensional model, the view factor can also be used to calculate the amount of energy that is incident on adjacent placement paths [35,73].…”

Section: Infraredmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A review of radiative heating in automated layup and its modelling

Orth¹

2017

Zeitschrift Kunststofftechnik

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A review of radiative heating in automated layup and its modelling Automated layup processes are highly suitable for an efficient production of carbon fiber reinforced parts, especially for aerospace applications. Heat input by means of radiative heating offers advantages for these processes and is well established in different forms. The presented work reviews the modelling of radiative heating in automated layup, covering thermoset and thermoplastic materials. Laser and infrared heat sources are studied with their characteristics, similarities and differences, as well as optical interaction with the material. Numerical modelling of the heat transfer is presented with an emphasis on implementation of radiative heating. Literaturübersicht zur Strahlungserwärmung in automatisierten Faserablegeverfahren und deren Berechnung Automatisierte Faserablegeverfahren haben sich in der Luft-und Raumfahrt als geeignete Prozesse zur effektiven Produktion etabliert, wobei der Wärmeeintrag durch Strahlung weitrechende Vorteile bietet. Die vorliegende Arbeit fasst Untersuchungen zum Einsatz und insbesondere zur Berechnung von Strahlungsheizungen in spezifischen Anwendungen zusammen und berücksichtigt sowohl thermoplastische als auch duromere Verbundwerkstoffe. Dabei werden die Eigenschaften, Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede von Laser und Infrarot Strahlungsquellen, sowie die optischen Interaktionen mit dem bestrahlten Material betrachtet. Die numerische Abbildung der Wärmeübertragung wird mit einem Fokus auf Strahlungserwärmung beleuchtet.

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Section: Infraredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infraredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infraredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infraredmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A review of radiative heating in automated layup and its modelling

Orth¹

2017

Zeitschrift Kunststofftechnik

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“…The placement head delivers the prepreg material from the spools into a compaction roller, where heat and force are applied to compact the material into the previous ply, eliminating voids. Further, to improve the quality of layup and tack levels, infrared and laser heating were identified as adequate heating sources to achieve rapid heating and elevated temperature layups [27,28]. Research aimed to improve the raw productivity and reliability continues, because of several unresolved technical issues in the production process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of complex 3D composites by fusing automated fiber placement (AFP) and additive manufacturing (AM) technologies

Raspall

Velu

Vaheed

2019

Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science

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Automated fiber placement (AFP) is emerging as one of the advanced methods toward fabrication of polymer matrix based composite structures. This automated technique focuses on polymer composite manufacturing for use in a wide range of automotive and aerospace applications. The AFP process offers an elevated level of customization through the possibility of placing each individual tow at custom-designed trajectories. Additive manufacturing (AM) method, on the other hand, has the potential to fabricate functional end user parts of complex geometries, thus eliminating the need for costly tooling, multi-step processing and fasteners or joints. This paper will highlight the potential of fusing AFP and AM processes to fabricate complex 3D polymer based composite parts. A combination of these two processes suggests a promising option for composite materials development, improving composite structures in terms of complexity and customizability. The paper presents the adopted research methodology, background research, the design, development and set up of an experimental workcell that fuses AM and AFP, and the design methodology which is required to design complex composite parts using the proposed manufacturing process. Main challenges and opportunities are discussed, such as how restrictions of conventional composite production can be eased, and additional freedoms of design can be achieved.

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Prepreg tack: A review of mechanisms, measurement, and manufacturing implication

2020

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The stickiness of prepregs (tack) is considered a decisive material property for the success of high‐quality composite manufacturing by automated lay‐up processes such as automated fiber placement (AFP) or automated tape laying (ATL). Adverse control of prepreg tack can easily result in laminate defects or machine breakdown, which are highly undesirable considering the tremendous machinery and material costs of these processes. Prepreg tack is governed by a complex interaction of adhesive and cohesive phenomena that are influenced by machine and environmental parameters of the production process as well as by intrinsic properties of the prepreg material itself. This review aims at providing a condensed insight into the current state of research on prepreg tack. Therefore, experimental studies including the discussion of utilized tack measurement methods as well as model approaches to prepreg tack are reviewed. The findings are discussed against the background of fundamental mechanisms, the strong interdependency of influencing parameters and the challenge of translating measured tack data into an enhanced AFP/ATL process stability by process adjustment.

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The effects of heat input on adjacent paths during Automated Fibre Placement

Cited by 54 publications

References 22 publications

A review of radiative heating in automated layup and its modelling

A review of radiative heating in automated layup and its modelling

Fabrication of complex 3D composites by fusing automated fiber placement (AFP) and additive manufacturing (AM) technologies

Prepreg tack: A review of mechanisms, measurement, and manufacturing implication

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