The Effects of Heat Acclimation on Plasma Volume and Plasma Protein of Females

O’Toole, Mary L.; Paolone, A. M.; Ramsey, Rebecca; Irion, Glenn L.

doi:10.1055/s-2008-1026014

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Controlled hyperthermia (target T core = 38.5 °C) 5 × 90 min 0 50 (30) 40 (40) – – − 0.28 − 0.42 − 0.89 − 12 81 – Meylan et al [ 59 ] d,e Field soccer training 5 × ~ 102 min 1 34.5 (53) – – – – – – – – Moss et al [ 60 ] Cycling. Controlled hyperthermia (target T core = 38.5 °C) 10 × 60 min 0 40 (50) – – − 0.34 − 0.68 − 0.66 − 38 50 – O’Toole et al [ 28 ] Cycling @ 50 rev . min −1 , ~ 46% O 2max 10 × 120 min 0 40 (50) – – – − 0.32 – − 8 13 – Pethick et al [ 61 ] e Intermittent exercise.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Adaptation for Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Physiological Adaptations and Exercise Performance in the Heat

et al. 2023

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Background Heat adaptation regimes are used to prepare athletes for exercise in hot conditions to limit a decrement in exercise performance. However, the heat adaptation literature mostly focuses on males, and consequently, current heat adaptation guidelines may not be optimal for females when accounting for the biological and phenotypical differences between sexes. Objectives We aimed to examine: (1) the effects of heat adaptation on physiological adaptations in females; (2) the impact of heat adaptation on performance test outcomes in the heat; and (3) the impact of various moderators, including duration (minutes and/or days), total heat dose (°C.min), exercise intensity (kcal.min−1), total energy expended (kcal), frequency of heat exposures and training status on the physiological adaptations in the heat. Methods SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE Complete and Embase databases were searched to December 2022. Random-effects meta-analyses for resting and exercise core temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, sweat rate, plasma volume and performance tests in the heat were completed using Stata Statistical Software: Release 17. Sub-group meta-analyses were performed to explore the effect of duration, total heat dose, exercise intensity, total energy expended, frequency of heat exposure and training status on resting and exercise core temperature, skin temperature, heart rate and sweat rate. An explorative meta-regression was conducted to determine the effects of physiological adaptations on performance test outcomes in the heat following heat adaptation. Results Thirty studies were included in the systematic review; 22 studies were meta-analysed. After heat adaptation, a reduction in resting core temperature (effect size [ES] = − 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.69, − 0.22; p < 0.001), exercise core temperature (ES = − 0.81; 95% CI − 1.01, − 0.60; p < 0.001), skin temperature (ES = − 0.64; 95% CI − 0.79, − 0.48; p < 0.001), heart rate (ES = − 0.60; 95% CI − 0.74, − 0.45; p < 0.001) and an increase in sweat rate (ES = 0.53; 95% CI 0.21, 0.85; p = 0.001) were identified in females. There was no change in plasma volume (ES = − 0.03; 95% CI − 0.31, 0.25; p = 0.835), whilst performance test outcomes were improved following heat adaptation (ES = 1.00; 95% CI 0.56, 1.45; p < 0.001). Across all moderators, physiological adaptations were more consistently observed following durations of 451–900 min and/or 8–14 days, exercise intensity ≥ 3.5 kcal.min−1, total energy expended ≥ 3038 kcal, consecutive (daily) frequency and total heat dose ≥ 23,000 °C.min. The magnitude of change in performance test outcomes in the heat was associated with a reduction in heart rate following heat adaptation (standardised mean difference = − 10 beats.min−1; 95% CI − 19, − 1; p = 0.031). Conclusions Heat adaptation regimes induce physiological adaptations beneficial to thermoregulation and performance test outcomes in the heat in females. Sport coaches and applied sport practitioners can utilise the framework developed in this review to design and implement heat adaptation strategies for females.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Adaptation for Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Physiological Adaptations and Exercise Performance in the Heat

et al. 2023

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“…Laboratory-based heat acclimation translates into plasma volume (PV) expansion occurring within the first few days of exposure [ 20 ]. This increase in plasma volume could be accompanied by changes in total circulating proteins [ 26 , 50 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Medium-Term Sauna-Based Heat Acclimation (MPHA) on Thermophysiological and Plasma Volume Responses to Exercise Performed under Temperate Conditions in Elite Cross-Country Skiers

Pokora

Sadowska-Krępa

Wolowski

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The influence of a series of ten sauna baths (MPHA) on thermophysiological and selected hematological responses in 14 elite cross-country skiers to a submaximal endurance exercise test performed under thermoneutral environmental conditions was studied. Thermal and physiological variables were measured before and after the exercise test, whereas selected hematological indices were studied before, immediately after, and during recovery after a run, before (T1) and after sauna baths (T2). MPHA did not influence the baseline internal, body, and skin temperatures. There was a decrease in the resting heart rate (HR: p = 0.001) and physiological strain (PSI: p = 0.052) after MPHA and a significant effect of MPHA on systolic blood pressure (p = 0.03), hematological indices, and an exercise effect but no combined effect of treatments and exercise on the tested variables. A positive correlation was reported between PSI and total protein (%ΔTP) in T2 and a negative between plasma volume (%ΔPV) and mean red cellular volume (%ΔMCV) in T1 and T2 in response to exercise and a positive one during recovery. This may suggest that MPHA has a weak influence on body temperatures but causes a moderate decrease in PSI and modifications of plasma volume restoration in response to exercise under temperate conditions in elite athletes.

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Sex differences in the physiological adaptations to heat acclimation: a state-of-the-art review

2020

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The Effects of Heat Acclimation on Plasma Volume and Plasma Protein of Females

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Heat Adaptation for Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Physiological Adaptations and Exercise Performance in the Heat

Heat Adaptation for Females: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Physiological Adaptations and Exercise Performance in the Heat

The Effect of Medium-Term Sauna-Based Heat Acclimation (MPHA) on Thermophysiological and Plasma Volume Responses to Exercise Performed under Temperate Conditions in Elite Cross-Country Skiers

Sex differences in the physiological adaptations to heat acclimation: a state-of-the-art review

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