“…The previous domestic studies on havruta classes focused on students in elementary school classes in various subjects, such as mathematics Shim, 2017;, science (Kwak, 2017;Jang, 2015), and English . There have not been many studies on middle school (Kim, 2018;Lee, 2017), or high school students (Kang & Cho, 2017;Shin, 2016;Yun, 2016). Research on the application of havruta to learning activities in college classes has been limited in Korea, with the exception of studies on online discussions (Joung & Choi, 2015) and psychology classes (Go, Min, & Song, 2017).…”