The effects of hand preference and sex on right-left asymmetry in dorsal digit lengths among adults and children

Kumar, Sanjay; Voracek, Martin; Singh, Maharaj

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105293

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Moreover, because, in the present study, we found that sexual dimorphism occurs in palmar 2D:4D ratio but not in dorsal 2D:4D ratio (a faithful reflector of bone 2D:4D ratio, Auger & Eustache, 2011), and because placing of flexion creases is the only substantive difference between dorsal and palmar digit lengths, perhaps palmar 2D:4D ratio is reflecting sexual dimorphism in the placing of flexion creases between digits 2 and 4. This is consistent with the findings of earlier studies (Kumar et al, 2019, 2021). Thus, perhaps the placing of flexion creases and the bone digit length, the two different factors, combine to determine the occurrence of sexual dimorphism in the palmar 2D:4D ratio.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Effects of caste, birth season, and family income on digit ratios

Kumar

Voracek

2022

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives: The contributions of latitude and ethnicity in the determination of cross-society differences in digit ratios are unclear. In India, different castes (endogamous groups) have been living in the same areas (villages or towns) for the last 1500 years and, therefore, these groups may have different gene pools without a latitude-related difference component. Thus, in the present study, we studied the effect of caste on digit ratios. We also studied the effects of sex, birth season, and family income on digit ratios. Methods:We selected a sample of 301 college students (age: M = 19.9 years, SD = 2.63) in Muzaffarnagar city of western Uttar Pradesh, India, and asked participants for information regarding their birth month, religion, caste, and monthly family income. We measured participants' dorsal and palmar digit lengths (of all fingers, except the thumb, in both hands) using vernier calipers of 0.01 mm accuracy. Results: Other backward castes (intermediate castes) had longer digit lengths than general castes (upper castes), scheduled castes (lower castes), and Muslims. However, there was no difference in digit ratios of caste groups (scheduled castes vs. other backward castes vs. general castes vs. Muslims) or specific castes (Chamar-Jatav vs. Jat vs. Pandit-Tyagi). Winter-born women had lower left dorsal 2D:4D and 3D:4D ratios than summer-born women. Family income was related to higher dorsal 2D:4D and 3D:4D ratios among women. Moreover, in dorsal digit ratios, sex difference (men < women) occurred in digit ratios constituting digit 5, whereas, in palmar digit ratios, sex difference occurred in digit ratios constituting digit 2. Conclusions:The present study suggests that endogamy-led genetic difference in ethnic/caste groups is not a determinant, whereas birth season (i.e., the exposure to sunlight) and family income might be determinants of digit ratios.In addition, compared to palmar digit ratios, dorsal digit ratios are better markers of sexual dimorphism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Effects of caste, birth season, and family income on digit ratios

Kumar

Voracek

2022

American J Hum Biol

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“…However, the effect of hand preference is negated because individuals frequently employ both hands to perform many tasks. 25 Our study also found no difference in growth rate in both hands. The final length of the long bones is determined by estrogen as it is responsible for fusion of their epiphyseal growth plates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Normative Data of Ulnar Length in Pediatric Indian Population

Thatte,

Agarwal,

Bhat

et al. 2024

Indian J Plast Surg

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Objective The aim of this study is to create clinical normative data for ulnar length in the pediatric population and to demonstrate the usefulness of such data. Materials and Methods A nationally representative sample of healthy children aged 1 day to 18 years from five centers across India was collected. The percutaneous length of the ulna was measured by using a certified calibrated measuring tape across all centers. Other variables such as geographical domicile, dominance of the hand, age, body mass index (BMI), and sex of the child were also recorded. Results In total, 1,300 children (883 males and 417 females) with age ranging from 1 day to 18 years were included in the study. Gradual lengthening of the ulna was seen in both male and female children with increasing age without a significant difference; however, at 8, 9, and 14 years, there was significant lengthening of the ulna in males compared with females although the difference was statistically insignificant at 17 years. Apropos BMI at 16 years of age, a longer ulna was observed in obese children. Later on, at 18 years, the difference in ulnar length was insignificant. South Indian children had a significantly longer ulna up to the age of 11 years, but after the age of 11 years there was no difference in ulnar length in all zones. The length of the ulna was not affected by hand dominance. There was good inter-observer agreement and reliability between different centres. Age, zone, and gender, had statistically significant effect on the length of ulna but BMI and hand dominance was not significant. Conclusion This multicentric study provides normative data on the percutaneous length of the ulna in the Indian pediatric population. Gradual lengthening of the ulna was seen in all children with increasing age. The length of the ulna was significantly more in male, obese, and in South Indian children. However, except for age, other factors become insignificant at maturity.

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“…Previous reports showed that right-handed subjects are taller than left-handed [58] . Moreover, the right-hand dominance can cause increased right directional linear growth and muscle mass reflecting in final expression of size and shape which in turn affects stature correlation with upper limb parts [25,59] . Moreover, the differential human responses to stresses during development can result in small random deviations from this general pattern [60] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 58 ] Moreover, the right-hand dominance can cause increased right directional linear growth and muscle mass reflecting in final expression of size and shape which in turn affects stature correlation with upper limb parts. [ 25 , 59 ] Moreover, the differential human responses to stresses during development can result in small random deviations from this general pattern. [ 60 ] There are clear population-specific variations in the relationships between limb/part measurements and stature, which are related to diverse factors, including nutrition, physical activity, environment, and genetic factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stature estimation for Saudi men based on different combinations of upper limb part dimensions

Ahmed

2021

Medicine

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Estimating stature based on body/limb parts can help define the characteristics of unidentified bodies. The most studied upper limb part is the hand, although few studies have examined whether stature can be estimated using fingers plus other hand dimensions. Moreover, there is paucity in anthropometric studies that determined whether bilateral whole limb parts (e.g., arms, forearms, and hands) are related to stature among the living subjects. This prospective cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the relationship between different upper limb measurements and the stature of Saudi men. Furthermore, I assessed whether upper limb asymmetry was present, and developed regression models to estimate stature based on different available measurements. Stature and 13 upper limb parameters were measured for 100 right-handed Saudi men who were 18 to 24 years old. All measurements were positively correlated with stature ( P < .001), and the best single predictor was the bilateral ulnar length. Asymmetry was more pronounced in the hand measurements. A multiparameter model provided reasonable predictive accuracy (±3.77–5.68 cm) and was more accurate than single-parameter models. Inclusion of the right-side fingers improved the model's accuracy. This study developed potential models for estimating stature during the identification of bodies of Saudi men.

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The effects of hand preference and sex on right-left asymmetry in dorsal digit lengths among adults and children

Cited by 6 publications

References 59 publications

Effects of caste, birth season, and family income on digit ratios

Effects of caste, birth season, and family income on digit ratios

Normative Data of Ulnar Length in Pediatric Indian Population

Stature estimation for Saudi men based on different combinations of upper limb part dimensions

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