The Effects of Ground Water Sampling Devices on Water Quality: A Literature Review

Parker, Louise V.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00108.x

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, recent studies have shown that the quality of leachate analysis for XOCs is seriously jeopardized only if very poor sampling protocols are used (see review by Parker, 1994 (Assmuth and Strandberg, 1993;Kjeldsen and Christophersen, 2001). In general, landfill leachates may contain very high concentrations of dissolved organic matter and inorganic macrocomponents.…”

Section: A How Representative Are Leachate Samples?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Present and Long-Term Composition of MSW Landfill Leachate: A Review

Kjeldsen

Barlaz

Rooker

et al. 2002

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

2,002

1,001

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ABSTRACT:The major potential environmental impacts related to landfill leachate are pollution of groundwater and surface waters. Landfill leachate contains pollutants that can be categorized into four groups (dissolved organic matter, inorganic macrocomponents, heavy metals, and xenobiotic organic compounds). Existing data show high leachate concentrations of all components in the early acid phase due to strong decomposition and leaching. In the long methanogenic phase a more stable leachate, with lower concentrations and a low BOD/COD-ratio, is observed. Generally, very low concentrations of heavy metals are observed. In contrast, the concentration of ammonia does not decrease, and often constitutes a major long-term pollutant in leachate. A broad range of xenobiotic organic compounds is observed in landfill leachate. The long-term behavior of landfills with respect to changes in oxidation-reduction status is discussed based on theory and model simulations. It seems that the somewhere postulated enhanced release of accumulated heavy metals would not take place within the time frames of thousands of years. This is supported by a few laboratory investigations. The existing data and model evaluations indicate that the xenobiotic organic compounds in most cases do not constitute a major long-term problem. This may suggest that ammonia will be of most concern in the long run.

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Section: A How Representative Are Leachate Samples?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Present and Long-Term Composition of MSW Landfill Leachate: A Review

Kjeldsen

Barlaz

Rooker

et al. 2002

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

2,002

1,001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A comprehensive literature review of the effects of sampling devices on water quality is given by Parker (1994). Portable sampling devices were categorised by Nielsen and Yeates (1985) as: grab samplers, suction lift devices and positive displacement mechanisms.…”

Section: Choosing the Right Portable Sampling Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminated Groundwater Sampling and Quality Control of Water Analyses

Trick

Stuart

Reeder

2008

Environmental Geochemistry

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The objective of groundwater sampling for site characterisation is the collection of samples that represent the underlying conditions at a site and ensuring that sample integrity is maintained from field to laboratory. The authors describe the tools available to the field sampler for the collection of groundwater samples, methods of on-site water quality analysis and the appropriate preservation and handling of samples. There are a variety of portable sampling devices available for the collection of groundwater, however, each application has different requirements and is dependant on the contaminant(s) of interest and most importantly, the specification of the borehole to be sampled. A number of different sampling devices and their applicability are presented. Traditionally, to ensure sample representivity the removal of stagnant water from a monitoring well was accomplished by purging a fixed number of well volumes, generally between three to five volumes, prior to sample collection. In recent years research has shown that low-flow purging (pumping at a rate that doesn't disturb the stagnant water in a well) produces samples that are representative of the formation water. In addition 'no purge' sampling is becoming an increasingly accepted method of collecting representative groundwater samples for some determinands, in particular VOCs and some metals using diffusion methods. The merits of different purge methodologies are discussed. On-site water quality measurements are carried out predominantly to monitor effective purging of water at the sampling point before sample collection, and to measure unstable parameters that cannot be subsequently reliably determined in the laboratory. On-site measurements such as pH, Specific Electrical Conductance (SEC), Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Temperature and alkalinity can be used to provide a check on a subsequent laboratory analysis. Techniques for the preservation and analysis of samples and quality assurance and quality control are also presented.

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“…Ground water samples for analyses of dissolved or transportable metals are often collected with bailers or lowflow purge (LFP) pumps (Parker 1994;Puls and Barcelona 1996;Puls and Paul 1995;Schuller et al 1981). The selection of the sampling method can greatly impact the levels of particles collected.…”

Section: Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Sequential Filtration for Determining Transportable Lead in Ground Water

Bailey¹,

Marchesani²,

Marinucci³

et al. 2005

Groundwater Monitoring Rem

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This study examines the effects of sequential filtration on the particle abundance and lead concentrations in ground water from four monitoring wells in New Jersey with a history of high turbidity, elevated metal concentrations, or where differences in metal concentrations exist between filtered and unfiltered samples. In these monitoring wells, both transportable suspended particles, such as colloidal particles that are suspended in solution, and nontransportable particles that are disturbed during sample collection but not considered mobile transportable species may be present in solution with potential overlap in particle size distribution. Filtration, particularly the operational pore size (25 to 0.45 μm) of the filter, was evaluated as a method to obtain a representative sample of the transportable metal, as defined by the dissolved phase and particles that are persistently suspended in solution. Two monitoring wells at the Denzer‐Schaefer site, a silty/clay aquifer with high particle concentrations (>8900 mg/L) from samples taken with bailers and a low‐flow purge (LFP) pump, showed that a filter of pore size 25 μm could remove 60% to 90% of soil‐derived particles, with minimal loss of suspended particles from solution. The two monitoring wells within the highly conductive Picatinny Arsenal sand aquifer provided higher particle abundance with the samples collected with bailers (4300 to 6500 mg/L) than with the LFP pump (4 to 11 mg/L), indicating greater artificial particle disruption with a bailer. At Picatinny Arsenal, the major portion of nontransportable particles in the ground water samples could be removed by filtration through a 25–μm pore size filter, with a minimal loss in suspended particles. Filtration of ground water through a 25–μm pore size filter followed by acidification at the sampling site would provide investigators a tool to examine particle transport in aquifers where there exists the potential for artificial particle disruption during sampling.

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The Effects of Ground Water Sampling Devices on Water Quality: A Literature Review

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Present and Long-Term Composition of MSW Landfill Leachate: A Review

Present and Long-Term Composition of MSW Landfill Leachate: A Review

Contaminated Groundwater Sampling and Quality Control of Water Analyses

Use of Sequential Filtration for Determining Transportable Lead in Ground Water

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