The effects of golden sea cucumber extract (Stichopus hermanii) on the number of lymphocytes during the healing process of traumatic ulcer on wistar rat’s oral mucous

Abstract

Background: Indonesia is a country with the world's biggest potential and producer of sea cucumbers. Golden sea cucumber contains glicosaminoglycans, such as heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate, which could have a positive implication on wound healing process. This acceleration of wound healing process could be observed through the increasing of lymphocytes on ulcus traumaticus. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effects of golden sea cucumber extract on the number of lymphocytes during the healing process of traumatic ulcer on Wistar rat's oral mucous. Method: Golden sea cucumber extrat was made with freeze-dried method, and then gel was prepared using PEG 400 and PEG 4000 solvent. Twenty male rats with mucosal ulcus made were divided into a control group and three treatment groups with 20%, 40% and 80% golden sea cucumber extracts. All samples were euthanized on day 4 and then a preparation for histopathological examination was made to examine the number of lymphocytes. Result: The biggest number of lymphocytes was found in the treatment group with 40% golden sea cucumber extract, while the lowest one was found in the control group. The results of one way Anova test then showed a significant difference between the control group and the treatment groups. And, the results of Tukey HSD showed a significant difference between the control group and the treatment group with 40% golden sea cucumber extract. Conclusion: It can be concluded that 40% golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) extract can increase the number of lymphocytes during the healing process of traumatic ulcer on Wistar rat's oral mucous.

Wound Healing Properties of Selected Natural Products

“…Similar with the study by Mazliadiyana et al (2017) [ 126 ], Arundina et al (2015) reported that S. hermanii promoted the initial phase of wound healing of traumatic ulcer in rats [ 134 ]. In this study, the treatment was applied one time to ulcer and the rats were sacrificed on the 4th day to examine the number of lymphocytes.…”

“…The intermediate dose of 40% aqueous extract of S. hermanii showed the largest number of lymphocytes, compared to other groups (20%, 80% and controls). To contradict, the highest dose (80% aqueous extract) of S. hermanii had lower number of lymphocytes [ 134 ]. Thus, appropriate dose should be applied, as different concentrations of extract may act differently.…”

Medicinal and health benefit effects of functional sea cucumbers

“…In addition, 40% of Stichopus hermanii extract were able increase the number of lymphocytes during the healing process of traumatic ulcer on Wistar rat's oral mucous. 12 Most recently, Arundina et al. (2016) extracted S. hermanni from Kalimantan, Indonesia and demonstrated their growth stimulating effects in mesenchymal stem cells.…”

Collective Locomotion of Human Cells, Wound Healing and Their Control by Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Marine Invertebrates

“…Zohdi et al [210] prepared a S. hermannii's extract-containing hydrogel dressing ("Gamat Hydrogel"), which, when applied to burn skin lesions in rats, improved wound contraction and closure, aided by a reduced inflammatory reaction, with signs of more efficient re-epithelization at the histological observation. The glycosaminoglycan component in S. herrmannii extracts was shown to play a role as a positive modulator of inflammation also in the healing process of oral mucous traumatic ulcers in rats [211]. More recently, Arundina et al [212] demonstrated the stimulating effects of the extracts, which are also rich sources of soluble mediators, on the growth behavior and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, thereby confirming that preparations from S. herrmannii may have beneficial effects on the acceleration of the wound healing and tissue regeneration processes.…”