The Effects of Globalization on the Environment

Abstract

A B S T R A C TIn multiple standard ordinary least squares regression models, the effects of 26 standard predictor variables, including the "four freedoms" of goods, capital, labor, and services, are tested on the following indicators of sustainable development: Avoiding net trade of ecological footprint gha per person, carbon emissions per million US dollars gross domestic product, CO 2 per capita, environmental performance index (EPI), global footprint per capita, happy life years, happy planet index (HPI), and ln (number of people per mill inhabitants 1980-2000 killed by natural disasters per year+1). This research shows that the apprehensions of quantitative globalization critical research are fully vindicated by the significant negative environmental effects of the foreign savings rate. High foreign savings are indeed a driver of global footprint and are a blockade against a satisfactory HPI performance. The New International Division of Labor model (Froebel et al., 1980) is one of the prime drivers of high CO 2 per capita emissions. MNC penetration, the master variable of most quantitative dependency theories, blocks environmental performance (EPI-index) and several other socially important processes. Worker remittances have a significant positive effect on the HPI and happy life years.

The impact of firm size on environmental sustainability: The assessment based on the analysis of cost structure

“…Also they have more than small companies resource to invest in innovations, including green innovations that help to mitigate environmental risks (Pagano & Schivardi, 2003; Triguero et al, 2022). In this context, international corporations can play a positive role by transferring new technologies to less developed countries and enabling them to move towards higher environmental standards (Gallagher, 2009; Tausch & Heshmati, 2018).…”