Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on autophagy in human macrophages stimulated by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Methods: The human monocyte cell line U937 was cultured in vitro, and phorbol ester (PMA) was added to the cell culture medium to induce differentiation into human macrophages. CSE was prepared by traditional methods for experiments. The cells were divided into four groups: the blank group, the CSE model group, the GBE + CSE group, and the rapamycin + CSE group. Im… Show more
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.