The Effects of Gibberellins on the Growth of Excised Tomato Roots

Butcher, D. N.; Street, H. E.

doi:10.1093/jxb/11.2.206

Cited by 68 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…increased numbers of branch roots and depression of the processes of elongation and vascular differentiation, were consistent with the known effects of these growth regulators on roots. Inhibition of root elongation by auxin has been observed, for example, in tomato (Butcher and Street 1960) and pea (Manos 1961, Torrey 1962. The enhancement of'branch root initiation by auxin has been reported in ferns (Allsopp 1952), pea (Torrey 1962), bean (Davidson andMacLeod 1968), rye (Yang andDodson 1970), and tomato (Butcher and Street 1960).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of Maize Tissue Cultures

Mott¹,

Cure²

1978

Physiologia Plantarum

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Tissue cultures of Zea mays L. derived from four different somatic sources all appeared to grow as callus. Microscopic examination, however, showed this growth to be merely an aberrant root‐like form. A continium in the degree of aberrant root behavior, ranging from cultures appearing very root‐like to those visibly indistinguishable from callus, was recognized. The continuum and ultimately the callus appearance resulted from increasing inhibition of root elongation coupled with strong enhancement of branch root initiation. This aberrant form of root growth was apparent in all cultures observed. Tissue source and growth regulator treatment interacted to shift the growth form within the extremes of the continuum but in no case was the root‐like mechanism of proliferation disrupted, even during extended subculture. Removal of exogenous growth regulators from the culture medium simply allowed outgrowth of existing root primordia as normal roots and this accounts for the characteristic ease of rhizogenesis from what has been called maize callus.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of Maize Tissue Cultures

Mott¹,

Cure²

1978

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…It includes haemocytometric counting of cells macerated with CrO3 (Butcher & Street 1960;Karlsson & Vasil 1986). Incidentally, protoplasts obtained by enzymatic maceration were used (Amino et al 1983;Minocha et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow-cytometric cell counting and DNA estimation for the study of plant cell population dynamics

Nicoloso

Val

Keur

et al. 1994

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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A one-step procedure is presented for simultaneous measurement of cell number and DNA content in cultured plant cells by flow cytometry. In order to obtain nuclei representative of the growth stadium of the culture and of all phases of the cell cycle, cells were carefully sampled and immediately fixed. Next, nuclei were isolated by enzymatic and mechanical maceration, and stained with a DNA-specific fluorescent dye. In the resultant preparation, cells can be counted at relative ease by means of a fluorescence microscope. However, flow-cytometric counting appeared to be superior to manual counting since the time needed for flow-cytometric counting was one-fourth that for manual counting and the variance between counts of the samples was significantly less. In addition, from the same routine, accurate DNA distributions were obtained as a second important parameter of the population dynamics.

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“…Gibberellins are known to be involved in cell division and trigger cell expansion, which has been linked to its role in shoot and root growth (Butcher and Street 1960;Barlow and others 1991;Ubeda-Tomas and others 2009;Bidadi and others 2010). Our results show that under Ca-deficit conditions, applying GA to the shoot reduced shoot weight and increased root weight.…”

Section: Gibberellins Change Shoot/root Ratio Of Tomato Plants Under mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results show that high GA levels in the shoot triggered high levels of Ca deficiency in the fruit and inhibited shoot growth. The reduction in shoot growth may have resulted from multiple applications of GA resulting in a supraoptimal GA concentration in the shoot, which has been suggested to inhibit growth (Butcher and Street 1960). The lower shoot growth in GA-treated plants may have reduced carbohydrate consumption in the shoot and increased carbohydrate translocation to the roots, favoring root growth in an attempt to increase plant Ca uptake and reestablish the functional equilibrium between shoot and root.…”

Section: Gibberellins Change Shoot/root Ratio Of Tomato Plants Under mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Involved in Calcium Deficiency Development in Tomato Fruit in Response to Gibberellins

Freitas

Jiang

Mitcham

2011

J Plant Growth Regul

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Although gibberellins (GAs) have been shown to induce development of the physiological disorder blossom-end rot (BER) in tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum), the mechanisms involved remain largely unexplored. BER is believed to result from calcium (Ca) deficiency, but the relationship between Ca content and BER incidence is not strong. Our objectives were to better understand how GAs and a GA biosynthesis inhibitor affect BER development in tomato fruit. Tomato plants of two BER-susceptible cultivars, 'Ace 55 (Vf)' and 'AB2,' were grown in a greenhouse environment and subjected to Ca-deficiency conditions. Plants were treated weekly during fruit growth and development with 300 mg L -1 GA 4?7 , 300 mg L -1 prohexadione-calcium (Apogee Ò , a GA biosynthesis inhibitor), or water beginning 1 day after flower pollination. GA 4?7 treatment induced an increase in BER incidence in both cultivars up to 100%, whereas 'Ace 55 (Vf)' and 'AB2' plants treated with Apogee did not show BER incidence. The number of functional xylem vessels was higher in the placental and pericarp tissue of tomato fruit treated with Apogee at the early stages of fruit growth. Treatment with Apogee also increased fruit pericarp Ca concentration. GA 4?7 treatment enhanced the expression of the putative CAX and Ca-ATPase genes, that code for proteins involved in Ca movement into storage organelles. The lowest watersoluble apoplastic Ca concentration and the highest membrane leakage values were observed in the pericarp of GA 4?7 -treated fruit. These results suggest that GAs consistently reduced fruit Ca uptake and water-soluble apoplastic Ca concentration, leading to leakier plasma membranes and an increase in BER development in fruit tissue of both tomato cultivars.

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The Effects of Gibberellins on the Growth of Excised Tomato Roots

Cited by 68 publications

References 17 publications

Anatomy of Maize Tissue Cultures

Anatomy of Maize Tissue Cultures

Flow-cytometric cell counting and DNA estimation for the study of plant cell population dynamics

Mechanisms Involved in Calcium Deficiency Development in Tomato Fruit in Response to Gibberellins

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