The Effects of Gestational Diabetes on Fetus: A Surveillance Study

Abstract

Introduction: Gestational diabetes is an intolerance to glucose diagnosed during pregnancy that goes away postpartum. Gestational diabetes may result in outcomes such as birth trauma, increased rates of cesarean sections, and macrosomia. This study aims to determine the outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on maternal and fetal health in a tertiary care hospital setting.Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of 52 patients who presented with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and were treated at Tentishev Satkynbai Memorial Asian Medical Institute, Kyrgyzstan, between April 2021 and January 2022. The information was taken from the medical records of the patients. The baby's age, the mother's body mass index (BMI), history of pregnancy, deaths, birth weight, and the number of births were all taken into account.Results: Out of all the cases during the study period at the Tentishev Satkynbai Memorial Asian Medical Institute, Kyrgyzstan, 52 were found to be complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus, which is 2.7% of the total deliveries. There was a significant difference found among both study groups in gestational age and history of GDM. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate of neonates born to GDM mothers was found to be significant with a difference of 10.9% (p < 0.0003), which is higher compared to the control group.Conclusion: Incidences of macrosomia, NICU admissions of preterm babies, and large for gestational age (LGA) and increased rates of hypertensive disorders were found among GDM pregnancies compared to control cases. The study shows higher rates of maternal and fetal/neonatal complications in females with GDM.

Some results of perinatal complications in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome

“…Sindromul Ovarelor Polichiste (SOP) la gravide prezintă un risc ridicat pentru complicații materne, care ulterior pot influența rezultatele perinatale [1,2,5,8]. Prezența comorbidităților și dezvoltarea complicațiilor în timpul gestației influențează rezultatele neonatale.…”

Predictors of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admission and Adverse Outcomes Related to Gestational Diabetes

“…In term neonates born to women with GDM, the risk for NICU admission revealed that these infants had lower birth weights, increased fetal growth restriction (FGR) risk, decreased Apgar ratings at 5 min, and increased respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) incidence [6]. Studies have linked GDM to an increase in NICU admission rates as well as negative consequences on both mothers and newborns [7][8][9].…”