The effects of gestational age and growth restriction on compensatory kidney growth

Drougia, Aikaterini; Giapros, Vasileios; Hotoura, Efthalia; Papadopoulou, Frederica; Argyropoulou, Maria I.; Andronikou, Styliani

doi:10.1093/ndt/gfn431

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Hyperfiltration might increase renal mass while glomerular number is relatively low [37]. However, it is not possible to distinguish hypertrophy or normal growth by ultrasonography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal first trimester growth is not associated with kidney outcomes in childhood

et al. 2016

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BackgroundImpaired fetal growth is associated with increased risks of kidney diseases in later life. Because human development rates are highest during the first trimester, this trimester may be a particularly critical period for kidney outcomes. We have therefore examined the association of fetal first trimester growth with kidney outcomes in childhood.MethodsThis study was embedded in a prospective population-based cohort study among 1176 pregnant women and their children. We used fetal first trimester crown–length as the growth measure among mothers with a regular menstrual cycle and a known first day of the last menstrual period. At the childhood age of 6 (median 5.7–6.8) years, we measured combined kidney volume, microalbuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on serum creatinine and cystatin C concentrations.ResultsNo consistent associations of fetal first trimester crown–rump length with childhood combined kidney volume, eGFR and microalbuminuria were observed. Compared to children with a fetal first trimester crown–rump length in the highest quintile, those in the lowest quintile had a larger childhood combined kidney volume (difference 5.32 cm3, 95 % confidence interval 1.06 to 9.57), but no differences in kidney function.ConclusionOur results do not support the hypothesis that fetal first trimester growth restriction affects kidney size and function in childhood. Further studies are needed to focus on critical periods in early life for kidney function and disease in later life.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00467-016-3537-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Hyperfiltration might increase renal mass while glomerular number is relatively low [37]. However, it is not possible to distinguish hypertrophy or normal growth by ultrasonography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal first trimester growth is not associated with kidney outcomes in childhood

et al. 2016

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“…Indeed various postnatal factors including nephrotoxic drugs, undernutrition and stress (infection, oxidative stress) may impair extrauterine nephrogenesis. Ultrasound measurement of kidney size during postnatal growth in humans has shown that even at the age of 8 years, kidney size is lower in children who were born preterm [66,67]. More studies are clearly needed to assess renal postnatal development in preterm infants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse consequences of accelerated neonatal growth: cardiovascular and renal issues

et al. 2010

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Epidemiological and experimental studies show that the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases at adulthood is inversely related to the weight at birth. Although with less evidence, low birth weight has been suggested to increase the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is well established that the developmental programming of arterial hypertension and of renal disease involves in particular renal factors, especially nephron endowment, which is reduced in low birth weight and maternal diabetes situations. Experimental studies, especially in rodents, have demonstrated the long-term influence of postnatal nutrition and/or postnatal growth on cardiovascular, metabolic and renal functions, while human data are scarce on this issue. Vascular and renal diseases appear to have a "multihits" origin, with reduced nephron number the initial hit and rapid postnatal growth the second hit. This review addresses the current understanding of the role of the kidney, both as a mechanism and as a target, in the developmental origins of adult disease theory, with a particular focus on the long-term effects of postnatal growth and nutrition.

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“…SGA infants have lower nephron numbers at birth than those born AGA, and SGA and extremely preterm infants may also have lower KL during the first 2 years of life [23,30]. NC might further affect the early renal development in this group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal function and kidney length in preterm infants with nephrocalcinosis: a longitudinal study

et al. 2011

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Renal injury in early life may lead to hypertension and renal disease in adulthood. In this prospective study, we estimated renal glomerular and tubular function and kidney length (KL) during the first 2 years of life of preterm infants with nephrocalcinosis (NC) associated with prematurity. The study cohort comprised 107 preterm children, 63 with NC and 44 control subjects without NC who were matched for gender, gestational age and birth weight. Kidney function was estimated based on measurements of serum creatinine (Scr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), fractional excretion (FE) of sodium (Na), potassium (K), phosphate (P), magnesium (Mg) and uric acid (UA) and on the ratios of urinary Ca, oxalate (UOx) and citrate (UCit) to urinary creatinine (UCa/Ucr, UOx/Ucr and UCit/Ucr, respectively) calculated from morning urine collections. KL was measured by ultrasonography. Measurements were made at 40 weeks postmenstrual age and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months of age. At 3 and 6 months, the NC group had higher UCa/Ucr, FEK and FEUA than the control group; at 12 months, only the UCa/Ucr and FEUA was still higher. The UCa/UCit ratio was higher in the NC group. Scr and eGFR did not differ between the groups at any time point. The NC group had a shorter KL up to 12 months of life (left kidney) or 24 months (right kidney). Based on these results, we conclude that NC in the preterm infants enrolled in our study was associated with impaired renal tubular function and a shorter KL in the first year of life.

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The effects of gestational age and growth restriction on compensatory kidney growth

Abstract: While in full-term and near-term SGA infants RKL is similar to or even higher than that of AGA infants, in smaller preterm babies (<36 weeks of GA) the RKL is impaired up to the second year of life.

Cited by 43 publications

References 29 publications

Fetal first trimester growth is not associated with kidney outcomes in childhood

Fetal first trimester growth is not associated with kidney outcomes in childhood

Adverse consequences of accelerated neonatal growth: cardiovascular and renal issues

Renal function and kidney length in preterm infants with nephrocalcinosis: a longitudinal study

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