The Effects of General Anesthesia on Human Peripheral Immune Cell Distribution and Cytokine Production

Brand, Jörg-Matthias; Kirchner, Holger; Poppe, Carsten; Schmucker, P.

doi:10.1006/clin.1997.4351

Cited by 121 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Furthermore, the number of NK cells was constant in the present study, although the overall number of lymphocytes decreased in response to anesthesia. However, according to another report [1], the number of circulating NK cells in humans decreases 20 min after anesthesia induction and quickly returns to within the reference range by 50 min after skin incision. Therefore, we cannot exclude the possibility that there was a transient reduction in the percentage of LGLs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of General Anesthesia with Isoflurane Following Propofol-Induction on Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Activities of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Dogs

et al. 2013

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ABSTRACT. To investigate influence of general anesthesia on immunological anti-tumor activity, the natural killer (NK) cytotoxic activity of peripheral lymphocytes (PBLs) was measured in 7 dogs anesthetized for 3 hr with isoflurane following propofol-induction (anesthesia group) and 6 dogs without anesthesia (control group). Blood samples were collected before (baseline) and 24, 120 and 192 hr after the anesthesia. The PBLs were isolated via centrifugation with Ficoll-Hypaque solution (density, 1.073), and adherent cells were removed. The NK cytotoxic activity of the isolated PBLs against canine thyroid cancer cells was detected by the colorimetric rose Bengal assay. Significant decrease in the NK cytotoxic activity was observed at 24 hr after the anesthesia, compared with the baseline values and the control group. The NK cytotoxic activities were recovered to the baseline values until 120 hr after the anesthesia. The general anesthesia with isoflurane following propofol-induction decreased the NK cytotoxic activities of PBLs in dogs. This finding has a clinical relevance to the risk of tumor recurrence or metastasis induced by the suppression of immunological anti-tumor activity after general anesthesia in dogs. The results further emphasized the importance of the need to evaluate immune suppression following general anesthesia in animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of General Anesthesia with Isoflurane Following Propofol-Induction on Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Activities of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Dogs

et al. 2013

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“…2,83,84 The duration of the operation is directly related to the number of bacteria that gain access to the wound 85 and also involves more extensive tissue handling that has a negative effect on the local immune resistance of the surgical site. 17,[86][87][88][89] For every hour of surgical time the risk of surgical site infection is approximately doubled. 17,88,89 The increased surgical time by the inexperienced surgeons used in this model should therefore challenge any residual action of the antiseptics and increase the risk of post-operative wound infection.…”

Section: By Closely Observingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative efficacy of three antiseptics as surgical skin preparations in dogs

Boucher

Henton²,

Becker

et al. 2018

Veterinary Surgery

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Objective To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of a 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 70% ethanol solution (CG+A) with that of F10 Skin Prep Solution (F10) and electrochemically activated water (EAW) when used as a surgical preparation in canine patients. Study design Prospective randomized clinical study. Sample population One hundred sixteen dogs presented for ovariohysterectomy. Methods Dogs were randomly divided into 1 of the 3 antiseptic groups (CG+A, F10, EAW). Skin samples with replicating organism detection and counting plates were taken at 4 different perioperative sites and time intervals (postskin preparation, postskin antisepsis, 2 hours after the second sample, and at the end of surgery) during ovariohysterectomies performed by students. The colony forming unit (CFU) counts from each sample were quantified according to the level of bacterial contamination. Zero CFU was defined as no contamination, 1‐12 CFU was defined as low contamination, and greater than 12 CFU was defined as high contamination. The 3 antiseptics were compared with respect to the level of contamination. Results There was no difference in the level of colonization between the antiseptics at the first sampling time (P = .454). However, the level of contamination for CG+A was lower compared with F10 and EAW at the second, third, and fourth sampling times (P = .001, P = .01, P = .02, respectively). Conclusion CG+A was more effective at achieving a zero CFU count and low levels of contamination compared with F10 and EAW for surgical preparation in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Clinical significance This study does not provide evidence to support the use of F10 and EAW instead of CG+A for the surgical skin preparation of dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

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“…3,[6][7][8] A reduction in systemic opioids has been associated with a reduction in both the recurrence and the progression of cancer in a murine model. 2 Nevertheless, conducting clinical studies that examine the effects of opioid-sparing anesthetic techniques on oncological outcomes is a complex undertaking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, surgical manipulation disseminates malignant cells into the bloodstream, 4 surgical stress promotes metastatic growth by affecting immunosuppression through neuroendocrine pathways, 2,3 and the use of systemic opioids directly inhibits NK cell activity. [5][6][7][8][9] Finally, blood transfusion induces immunosuppression. 10 While systemic morphine reduces the NK cell activity, the addition of spinal blockade to general anesthesia in a murine model attenuated the propagation of metastases by surgery.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perioperative management and oncological outcomes following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a matched retrospective cohort study

Weingarten

Taccolini

Ahle

et al. 2016

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

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The Effects of General Anesthesia on Human Peripheral Immune Cell Distribution and Cytokine Production

Cited by 121 publications

References 15 publications

Influence of General Anesthesia with Isoflurane Following Propofol-Induction on Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Activities of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Dogs

Influence of General Anesthesia with Isoflurane Following Propofol-Induction on Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Activities of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Dogs

Comparative efficacy of three antiseptics as surgical skin preparations in dogs

Perioperative management and oncological outcomes following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a matched retrospective cohort study

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