The effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on cardiovascular and skeletal health: A literature review

Swe, Nyein Chan; Ahmed, Syed Fayaz; Eid, Marwen; Poretsky, Leonid; Gianos, Eugenia; Cusano, Natalie E.

doi:10.1016/j.metop.2022.100173

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, whether such impairments occur through GAHT impacts on Zn uptake in transgender women is not yet known. Meanwhile, a review suggests a higher trabecular bone score and bone mineral density in the lumbar region in transgender women receiving GAHT [ 199 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc in Prostate Health and Disease: A Mini Review

Karunasinghe

2022

Biomedicines

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Introduction-With the high global prevalence of prostate cancer and associated mortalities, it is important to enhance current clinical practices for better prostate cancer outcomes. The current review is towards understanding the value of Zn towards this mission. Method-General information on Zn in biology and multiple aspects of Zn involvement in prostate health and disease were referred to in PubMed. Results-The most influential feature of Zn towards prostate health is its ability to retain sufficient citrate levels for a healthy prostate. Zn deficiencies were recorded in serum, hair, and prostate tissue of men with prostate cancer compared to non-cancer controls. Zn gut absorption, albumin binding, and storage compete with various factors. There are multiple associations of Zn cellular influx and efflux transporters, Zn finger proteins, matrix metalloproteinases, and Zn signaling with prostate cancer outcomes. Such Zn marker variations associated with prostate cancer recorded from biological matrices may improve algorithms for prostate cancer screening, prognosis, and management when coupled with standard clinical practices. Discussion-The influence of Zn in prostatic health and disease is multidimensional, therefore more personalized Zn requirements may be beneficial. Several opportunities exist to utilize and improve understanding of Zn associations with prostate health and disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc in Prostate Health and Disease: A Mini Review

Karunasinghe

2022

Biomedicines

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“…Another respondent cited the effects of GTP on future fertility, as well as risks of blood clots, heart disease, and bone development. Studies investigating the effects of gender‐affirming hormone therapy did not find conclusive evidence of increased risk of heart attack, blood clots, or fracture (Chan Swe et al, 2022; Deutsch, 2016). Furthermore, transgender and gender‐diverse individuals have higher rates of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as tobacco use and decreased physical activity, that are unrelated to hormone treatment (Defreyne et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical students' perspectives on transgender care legislation and its impact on medical residency applications

Kurman,

Ake,

Hille

2024

Sexuality Gender & Policy

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Many states have introduced bills restricting healthcare for transgender and gender‐diverse (TGD) individuals. This may prompt medical students to seek residency training in other states, exacerbating TGD healthcare disparities. We assessed medical students' perspectives on legislation prohibiting gender transition procedures (GTP) and how this affects residency applications. We analyzed responses from medical students at a Midwest institution, including demographics, knowledge of GTP legislation, impact on future training and practice, and agreement with proposed legislation. Respondents shared factors influencing their feelings about applying for residency in states that restrict GTP, as well as considerations informing their position about regulations. 36.8% consider GTP legislation important for residency applications. 60.5% think this will impact their future practice. 57.3% are against restricting GTP for minors, and 82.7% for adults. Factors influencing residency applications were LGBTQ+ safety (38.5%), government interference (33.3%), education/training (33.3%), neutral (20.5%), and against GTP (15.4%). Factors informing position on GTP were best practices (71.8%), consent (30.8%), government interference (30.8%), and need more data (7.7%). Most students surveyed were against the restriction of GTP, and legislation prohibiting GTP may drive physicians to other states. Responses also highlighted knowledge gaps about GTP, which may improve with additional training.

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“…Other factors not accounted for in risk score algorithms may have a significant and disproportionate effect on dementia risk for TGD populations. For instance, increasing evidence suggests that gender‐affirming hormone therapies may increase cardiometabolic risk, 32 , 33 , 34 which could in turn contribute to a higher risk of dementia. Additionally, transgender and gender diverse individuals often face obstacles in accessing health care, which could compound these risks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and gender differences in risk scores for dementia and Alzheimer's disease among cisgender, transgender, and non‐binary adults

Brady,

Zheng,

Kootar

et al. 2023

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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INTRODUCTIONFew studies have explored dementia risk according to sex and gender including for transgender and non‐binary adults. This study evaluated dementia risk factors and risk scores among cisgender, transgender, and non‐binary adults.METHODSObservational data were drawn from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. A matched‐cohort approach was used to develop sex (male, female) and gender identity cohorts (cisgender men, cisgender women, transgender men, transgender women, and non‐binary adults) for comparison. Dementia risk scores were calculated using established mid‐life and late‐life risk score algorithms.RESULTSMales had higher overall mid‐life dementia risk, and lower late‐life Alzheimer's disease risk compared to females. Transgender men, transgender women, and non‐binary adults had higher overall late‐life risk compared to both cisgender men and women.DISCUSSIONFuture research is needed to build the evidence base for specific risk factors that may be contributing to higher overall risk among understudied and underserved gender groups.HIGHLIGHTS Using data from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, this matched‐cohort study found that those assigned female at birth had lower overall mid‐life dementia risk and higher overall late‐life Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk compared to those assigned male at birth. Transgender men, transgender women, and non‐binary adults all showed higher overall late‐life AD risk compared to cisgender men and cisgender women. Between‐group differences were found in the incidence of specific risk and protective factors for dementia and AD.

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The effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on cardiovascular and skeletal health: A literature review

Cited by 27 publications

References 51 publications

Zinc in Prostate Health and Disease: A Mini Review

Zinc in Prostate Health and Disease: A Mini Review

Medical students' perspectives on transgender care legislation and its impact on medical residency applications

Sex and gender differences in risk scores for dementia and Alzheimer's disease among cisgender, transgender, and non‐binary adults

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