The Effects of Four Herbicides on Microorganisms in Nine Oregon Soils

Chandra, Purna; Furtick, W. R.; Bollen, W. B.

doi:10.2307/4040360

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…of triazine are without effect. CHANDRA et al (1960) showed, by contrast, that the release of carbon dioxide is inhibited by treatments of from five to 100 p. p. m. in simazine. Nine soils from Oregon were compared: the depressing effect lasted 28 days, following which biological activity returned to normal levels.…”

Section: A) Overall Microbial Activitymentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The same holds true for monuron, diuron [3-(3,4- depression was noticed in the cases where the organic matter content was the highest. DALLYN, cited by CHANDRA et al (1960), believed also that the effect of herbicides on microorganisms depends on soil type. However, the degree of depression is not always parallel to the level of humus and clay in the soil.…”

Section: A) Overall Microbial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single Pesticide Volume: The Triazine Herbicides

Günther¹,

Gunther²

1970

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Section: A) Overall Microbial Activitymentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: A) Overall Microbial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Pesticide Volume: The Triazine Herbicides

Günther¹,

Gunther²

1970

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“…A reduction of the numbers of bacteria in soil by simazine was noted by several workers » 18 16 17 21 25 26 27 Chandra et al 4 observed a reduction of the rate of carbon dioxide evolution in 9 soils treated with normal and 20 fold rates of 2,3,6-TBA, EPTC, simazine and diuron. The purpose of the investigation presented in this paper was to study the effect of several herbicides on the total number of bacteria, the numbers of Azotobacter chroococcum, the mineralization of nitrogen, the rate of nitrification, the concentration of nitrite and the CO2 production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of several herbicides on bacterial populations and activity and the persistence of these herbicides in soil

1970

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SUMMARYSamples of a sandy loam soil were supplied with normal, 10-fold and 100-fold rates of ioxyn il, dalapon, mecoprop, dichlorprop, MCPA + dichlorprop, picloram, and amitrole-T and incubated at 29°C at 65 per cent of the waterholding capacity. Treated soil samples were compared with nn treated samples. Samples supplied with (NH4)2SO4 and herbieides were used to investigate the effect of the herbicides on the rate of nitrificatioll and the productioI1 of nitrite.In several cases higher llumbers of bacteria were Iound for a longer or shorter period in soil treated with herbicides. There was some evidellce t h a t certain groups of bacteria had adapted to ioxynil in a soil sample snpplied with the 100-fold rate of this chemical.After 2 or 4 weeks lower Ilumbers of Azotobacter chroococcum were fOUlld at the normal rate of ioxynil, dalapon, mecoprop, and dicl~lorprop. At the 100-fold rate of applicatioI1 the numbers of Azotobacter were nnfavourably affected by all herbicides.The productioll of mineral nitrogen was hardly affected by the normal and 10-fold rates of application.In the first week the rate of nitrificatioll was slightly depressed in soil samples treated with the normal rates of dichlorprop and amitrole-T and with the 10-fold rates of dalapon, mecoprop, and MCPA + dichlorprop. Strong inhibition of the nitrification for at least 7 weeks was shown by the 10-fold rate of amitrole-T. A t the 100-fold rate all herbicides, with the exception of picloram, depressed the rate of nitrification for a longer or sllorter period.During the second week a very small increase of nitrite was found in the samples treated with the normal and 10-fold rates of dalapon, meeoprop, dichlorprop, and amitrole-T. A small ilcrease of nitrite was noted for 26 weeks in samples treated with the 100-fold rates of amitrole-T.A highly significant depression of CO2 evolution was found in the first week in samples treated with the normal rates of ioxynil, dalapoll, mecroprop, dichlorprop, and amitrole-T, also in samples treated with the 10-514 D. A. VAN SCHREVEN, D. J. LINDENBERGH AND ALIE KORIDON fold rates of dalapon, mecoprop, dichlorprop, MCPA q-dichlorprop, picloram, and amitrole-T. A highly signiIicant depression of CO2 production was Ioulld after 8 weeks in all the samples treated with herbicides at the 100-fold rate with the exception of the sample treated with picloram.The decomposition of the herbicides was studied in soll samples treated with the 100-fold rates of herbicides. Only traces of dalapon and mecoprop were foulld after 9 months, but 7.2% ioxynil, 29.8~o dichlorprop, 39~o (MCPA q-dichlorprop), 52.1yo picloram and 52.2% amitrole-T were still present in active form.

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“…of Fenac, however, and inhibited by 400 p.p.m. CHANDRA et al (1960) studied the influence of 5 and 100 p.p.m. of several herbicides on CO 2 evolution from nine Oregon soils over a 28-day period.…”

Section: B) Significance 01 Qualitative E/fectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residue Reviews / Rückstands-Berichte

1963

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All rights, espeeially that of translation into foreign languages, reserved. It is also forbidden to reproduee this book, either whole or in part, by photomedIanical means (photostat, microfilm and/or mieroeard) or by other proeedure without written pennission from Springer-Verlag.© by Springer-Verlag OHG Berlin • Göttingen • Heidelberg 1963Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1963 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 62-18595The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trade marks, ete. in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and MerdIandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. PrefaceThat residues of pesticides and other "foreign" chemicals in foodsttrlfs are of concern to everyone everywhere is attested by the reception accorded earlier volumes of "Residue Reviews", and by the gratifying enthusiasm, sincerity, and efforts shown by the individuals I have asked to prepare manuscripts. Many manuscripts on residue a;ffairs are in preparation, but the field is so large and the non-polemical interests in it so varied that the editor and the Advisory Board will welcome suggestions for topics considered suitable and timely for review in this international book-series. There can be no serious question that pesticide and food-additive chemicals are essential to adequate food production, manufacture, marketing, and storage, yet without continuing surveillance and intelligent control some of those that persist could at times conceivably endanger the public health.The object of "Residue Reviews" is to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy, and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of residues of these chemicals in foods, in feeds, and in transformed food products. These reviews are either general or specific, but properly they may lie in the domains of analytical chemistry and its methodology, biochemistry, human and animal medicine, legislation, pharmacology, physiology, regulation, and toxicology; certain affairs in the realm of food technology that are concerned specifically with pesticide and other food-additive problems are also appropriate subject matter. The justification for the preparation of any review for this book-series is that it deals with some aspect of the many real problems arising from the presence of residues of foreign chemicals in foodstuffs.Material for "Residue Reviews" encompasses those matters, in any country, which are involved in allowing pesticide and other plant-protecting chemicals to be used safely in producing, storing, and shipping crops. Added plant or animal pest-control chemicals or their metabolites that may persist into meat and other edible animal products (milk and milk products, eggs, etc.) are also residues and are within this scope. The so-called food additives (suhstances deliberately added to foods for flavor, odor, appearance, etc., as weIl as those inadvertently added durin...

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The Effects of Four Herbicides on Microorganisms in Nine Oregon Soils

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Single Pesticide Volume: The Triazine Herbicides

Single Pesticide Volume: The Triazine Herbicides

Effect of several herbicides on bacterial populations and activity and the persistence of these herbicides in soil

Residue Reviews / Rückstands-Berichte

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