The effects of forest fragmentation on web spider communities in urban areas

Miyashita, Tadashi; Shinkai, Akira; Chida, Takafumi

doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(98)00025-1

Cited by 104 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Several studies found that arthropod communities were affected by the patch sizes of urban habitats in conjunction with shifts in plant species composition at patch edges (Faeth and Kane 1978;Miyashita et al 1998;Bolger et al 2000;Gibb and Hochuli 2002). In general, island biogeography theories have been supported in urban ecology studies with positive relationships observed between species richness and patch size (Faeth and Kane 1978;Miyashita et al 1998;Bolger et al 2000). However, taxon specific responses have been observed to be more variable with some species persisting in small fragments but not larger ones and vice versa (Gibb and Hochuli 2002).…”

Section: Landscape Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, taxon specific responses have been observed to be more variable with some species persisting in small fragments but not larger ones and vice versa (Gibb and Hochuli 2002). Miyashita et al (1998) observed that spiders' body sizes influenced, in part, which species persisted in urban forest patches of different sizes, e.g., larger species were absent from small patches. Bolger et al (2000) emphasized that time since initial fragmentation was an important factor that influenced arthropod communities in the patches they examined.…”

Section: Landscape Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Habitat structure: A fundamental concept and framework for urban soil ecology

Byrne

2007

Urban Ecosyst

108

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Habitat structure is defined as the composition and arrangement of physical matter at a location. Although habitat structure is the physical template underlying ecological patterns and processes, the concept is relatively unappreciated and underdeveloped in ecology. However, it provides a fundamental concept for urban ecology because human activities in urban ecosystems are often targeted toward management of habitat structure. In addition, the concept emphasizes the fine-scale, on-the-ground perspective needed in the study of urban soil ecology. To illustrate this, urban soil ecology research is summarized from the perspective of habitat structure effects. Among the key conclusions emerging from the literature review are: (1) habitat structure provides a unifying theme for multivariate research about urban soil ecology; (2) heterogeneous urban habitat structures influence soil ecological variables in different ways; (3) more research is needed to understand relationships among sociological variables, habitat structure patterns and urban soil ecology. To stimulate urban soil ecology research, a conceptual framework is presented to show the direct and indirect relationships among habitat structure and ecological variables. Because habitat structure serves as a physical link between sociocultural and ecological systems, it can be used as a focus for interdisciplinary and applied research (e.g., pest management) about the multiple, interactive effects of urbanization on the ecology of soils.

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Section: Landscape Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Landscape Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat structure: A fundamental concept and framework for urban soil ecology

Byrne

2007

Urban Ecosyst

108

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“…As estimativas de riqueza foram obtidas no EstimateS 5.0 (Colwell 1997) mata, a mesma também foi bastante abundante em ambiente de clareira natural, que se caracterizam por temperatura mais elevadas, pouca umidade e intensa luminosidade. A família Theridiidae foi a mais abundante no fragmento menor (PMM), o que pode sugerir que esta família seja mais tolerante à perda de habitat, como foi indicado por Miyashita, et al (1998) que v e r i f i c a r a m u m a c o r r e l a ç ã o n e g a t i v a e n t r e a abundância desta família e o tamanho dos fragmentos estudados em florestas de Tokyo e Yokohama, considerando que espécies desta família sejam menos sensíveis a tamanho do fragmento. A predominância da família Salticidae em ambientes de borda do PMP, sugere que estas famílias são mais tolerantes as a l t e r a ç õ e s a m b i e n t a i s q u e s ã o f r e q ü e n t e s e m ambientes de vegetação mais aberta.…”

Section: Análise Dos Dadosunclassified

Aspectos comparativos das comunidades de aranhas (Araneae) em dois remanescentes de Mata Atlântica do Estado da Bahia, Brasil

et al. 2005

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The Atlantic Rainforest has suffered a rapid fragmentation process which has directly affected its biodiversity. The aim of the present study was to inventory of the spider community composition in two Atlantic Rainforest remnants in the state of Bahia, in order to enable a comparison of the abundance, richness and species diversity between the plots. The aim is to contribute towards further studies on the dynamics of the forest remnants. The sampled areas were of distinctive sizes, the Pituaçu Metropolitan Park (PMP) in Salvador with 425 hectares and the Matinha City Park (PMM) in Itapetinga with nine hectares. The spiders were collected using the nocturnal manual collection method in a 30m x 5m transect for an hour, totalling 10 hours of sampling effort. A total of 362 individuals were collected, of which 152 were, belonging to 20 families, and 60 species. Of these, 37 species of 12 families were collected in the PMP and 30 species of 16 families in the PMM. The abundance of the most frequent families (minimum of ten captures) did not differ between the plots (U=46,00; p=0.7959), with a Sorensen similarity index of 82,4%. Also, the estimates of the abundance and richness do not differ between the areas (U=65.000; p=0.2799 and U=20755, p=0.1451, respectively). Nevertheless, the diversity was higher in the PMP (D=8.1922) than the PMM (D=6.8032). The results suggest that the similarities between the areas may be a consequence of factors related to the fragmentation processes, such as disturbance history. However, other factors, such as the shape of the remnants and the type of neighborhood, apart from other variables, eg. the flora composition, may also interfere on the dynamics of the spider's communities in these fragments. Key words: Atlantic Forest, Fragmentation, Biodiversity, Spiders, Bahia. ResumoA Mata Atlântica vem sofrendo um acelerado processo de fragmentação, o que está afetando sua biodiversidade. O objetivo do trabalho foi inventariar as comunidades de aranhas em dois remanescentes de Mata Atlântica do Estado da Bahia, permitindo uma comparação entre a abundância, riqueza e diversidade de espécies entre estas áreas, visando fornecer subsídios para estudos da dinâmica de fragmentos florestais. Foram amostrados remanescentes com tamanhos bastante distintos, o Parque Metropolitano de Pituaçu -Salvador (PMP) com 425 ha e o Parque Municipal da MatinhaItapetinga (PMM) com nove ha. As aranhas foram capturadas por coleta manual noturna, num transecto de trinta por cinco metros durante uma hora, com esforço total de 10h. Foi coletado um total de 362 indivíduos, distribuídos em 20 famílias, com 152 adultos e 60 espécies, sendo 37 spp. e 12 famílias no PMP e 30 spp. e 16 famílias no PMM. Ao comparar a abundância das famílias mais freqüentes (mínimo de dez capturas) não houve diferenças significativas entre as áreas (U=46,00; p=0,7959), com um índice de similaridade de Sorensen de 82,4%. Quando comparada a riqueza estimada e a abundância de espécies, não houve diferenças significativas entre as duas áre...

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“…Todo ello finalmente daña a la fauna debido a que se reducen sus posibilidades de alimentación, crecimiento y reproducción, al tiempo que se limita su dispersión y variación genética e incrementa el riesgo de ser cazado (D'Eon, 2003;Estrada y Coates-Estrada, 2002;Katnik, 2002y Pérez, 2002. Por ejemplo, se ha probado que la fragmentación reduce la riqueza y diversidad y altera la composición en poblaciones de mariposas nocturnas, coleópteros, hormigas, arañas, murciélagos, mamíferos y aves (Summerville, 2002;Evelyn, 2002;Ortega-Huerta, 2002;Ford et al, 2001;Price et al, 1999;Cuéllar, 1999;Carvalho y Vasconcelos, 1999y Miyashita et al, 1998.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…El efecto combinado de estos procesos es la pérdida de estabilidad de los ecosistemas, esto se debe a que tanto las acciones vitales (descomposición de materia orgánica, transporte de semillas, control de plagas, fertilización y creación de suelo), como las delicadas interacciones interespecíficas (mutualismo, cadenas tróficas, competencia y en especial la polinización, la predación y la herbivoría) que hacen funcionar estos ecosis-temas se ven interrumpidos por la fragmentación (Summerville, 2002;Evelyn, 2002;Kammesheidt, Köhler y Huth, 2002;Harrison, Rice y Maron, 2001;Carvalho y Vasconcelos, 1999;Law y Lean, 1999;Cosson et al, 1999y Miyashita et al, 1998. Ello reduce la capacidad de generar diferentes respuestas, amenazando su estabilidad funcional y la de sus ciclos biogeoquímicos (Loreau et al, 2001;McCann, 2000y Erhlich, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Fragmentación forestal en la subcuenca del río Pilón: diagnóstico y prioridades

Némiga

Garza

Jurado

2016

MYB

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RESUMENLa subcuenca del río Pilón es importante por la captación de agua para la agricultura comercial y por la conservación de la riqueza biológica del estado de Nuevo León. Sin embargo, se desconoce la magnitud de la fragmentación de sus bosques y matorrales, y no se han identificado los fragmentos remanentes prioritarios para conservar. Por lo tanto, este estudio evalúa la fragmentación de sus comunidades vegetales usando el tamaño del fragmento y la relación entre el perímetro y el área del fragmento (P/A) como indicadores de tamaño y forma, así como la distancia al vecino más próximo y el índice de intersección y yuxtaposición como indicadores de conectividad. Estos se calcularon en mapas generados mediante interpretación de imágenes de satélite Landsat de 1974 y 2000 (clasificación supervisada y estratificada). Los resultados muestran cambios estadísticamente significativos en el tamaño y forma de los fragmentos de todas las comunidades evaluadas, así como en su conectividad. Las comunidades más afectadas por la fragmentación en su forma y tamaño son el bosque de oyamel y de encino, así como el huizachal, el matorral submontano y el bosque de pino. En su conectividad, la fragmentación afecta sobre todo a los matorrales tipo tamaulipeco, submontano y desértico, así como los huizachales. En este estudio se evalúan los fragmentos prioritarios a conservar, considerando sus funciones como zonas de amortiguamiento y de estabilización de laderas, mediante la aplicación de criterios en un sistema de información geográfica. Al respecto se recomienda conservar 347 fragmentos para amortiguamiento y 210 fragmentos para estabilización de laderas.PALABRAS CLAVE: Conservación de recursos naturales, fragmentación forestal, Nuevo León, SIG, río Pilón. ABSTRACTThe watershed of the Pilón River is important for its water capture for commercial agriculture and for the conservation of the biological diversity of Nuevo Leon state. However, the magnitude of the forest and shrub fragmentation has not been determined, and the remaining fragments of higher conservation priority have not been identified. This study evaluates the vegetation fragmentation, using the fragment size and the relation between the perimeter and the fragment area (P/A) as indicators of size and shape, as well as the distance to the nearest neighbor and the intersection index and juxtaposition as connectivity indicators. These indicators were calculated in maps generated through satellite images Landsat of 1974 and 2000 interpretation (classification supervised and stratified). The results show statistically significant changes in the size and shape of fragments as well as in connectivity for all plant communities evaluated. The communities more affected by fragmentation in their size and shape were Abies and Oak forests, as well as the huizachal (Acacia scrub), piedmont scrub and

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The effects of forest fragmentation on web spider communities in urban areas

Cited by 104 publications

References 27 publications

Habitat structure: A fundamental concept and framework for urban soil ecology

Habitat structure: A fundamental concept and framework for urban soil ecology

Aspectos comparativos das comunidades de aranhas (Araneae) em dois remanescentes de Mata Atlântica do Estado da Bahia, Brasil

Fragmentación forestal en la subcuenca del río Pilón: diagnóstico y prioridades

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