The effects of foot position on lower extremity kinematics during single leg squat among adolescent male athletes

Azhar, Norain Mohd; Affandi, Nor Fatinah; Mail, Mohamad Saufi Zuhan; Shaharudin, Shazlin

doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.06.007

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Moreover, fitness level and gender of participants may influence the outcomes of intervention. For instance, in a study by Mohd Azhar et al (2019) , no association was observed between foot positions and lower limb kinematics during single leg squat (i.e., bottom-up kinetic chain) among highly trained male youth athletes, although Ishida et al (2014) found significant association of similar variables among sedentary females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The effects of hip- and ankle-focused exercise intervention on dynamic knee valgus: a systematic review

Sahabuddin

Jamaludin

Amir

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background A range of non-contact injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament tear, and patellofemoral pain syndrome are caused by disordered knee joint loading from excessive dynamic knee valgus (DKV). Previous systematic reviews showed that DKV could be modified through the influence of hip strength and ankle range of motion. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of exercise intervention which involved either top-down or bottom-up kinetic chains on minimizing DKV in male and female adults and adolescents, with and without existing knee pain. Methodology Electronic searches were conducted in SAGE, Science Direct, SCOPUS, and Pubmed. The search strategy consisted of medical subject headings and free-text search keywords, synonyms and variations of ‘exercise intervention,’ ‘knee alignment,’ ‘dynamic knee valgus’, ‘knee abduction’ that were merged via the Boolean operator ‘AND’ and ‘OR’. The search was conducted on full-text journals that documented the impact of the exercise intervention program involving either the bottom-up or top-down DKV mechanism on the knee kinematics. Furthermore, exercise intervention in this review should last at least one week which included two or three sessions per week. This review also considered both men and women of all ages with a healthy or symptomatic knee problem. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by Cochrane risk assessment tool. The protocol of this review was registered at PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021219121). Results Ten studies with a total of 423 participants (male = 22.7%, female = 77.3%; adults = 249, adolescents = 123; pre-adolescent = 51) met the inclusion criteria of this review. Seven studies showed the significant effects of the exercise intervention program (range from two weeks to ten weeks) on reducing DKV. The exercise training in these seven studies focused on muscle groups directly attached to the knee joint such as hamstrings and gastrocnemius. The remaining three studies did not show significant improvement in DKV after the exercise intervention (range between eight weeks to twelve weeks) probably because they focused on trunk and back muscles instead of muscles crossing the knee joint. Conclusion Exercises targeting specific knee-joint muscles, either from top-down or bottom-up kinetic chain, are likely to reduce DKV formation. These results may assist athletes and coaches to develop effective exercise program that could minimize DKV and ultimately prevent lower limb injuries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The effects of hip- and ankle-focused exercise intervention on dynamic knee valgus: a systematic review

Sahabuddin

Jamaludin

Amir

et al. 2021

PeerJ

Self Cite

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“…Secondly, although we ensured that the participants maintained their foot position during WBLT, the foot posture (i.e., pronation and supination) was not quantified. It was also shown that foot position did not influence knee kinematics during single leg squats among male athletes with normal DKV [33]. Future studies are recommended to investigate the relationship between foot structure (i.e., posture and arch) and landing mechanics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Bottom-Up Kinetic Chain in Drop Landing among University Athletes with Normal Dynamic Knee Valgus

Jamaludin

Sahabuddin

Najib

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The study investigated the influence of ankle strength and its range of motion (ROM) on knee kinematics during drop landing. Fifteen male and fifteen female university athletes with a normal range of dynamic knee valgus (DKV) (knee frontal plane projection angle: men = 3° to 8°, females = 7° to 13°) were recruited. They performed drop landing at height 30 cm and 45 cm with three-dimensional motion capture and analysis. Knee angles were compared at specific landing phases. Isokinetic ankle strength was tested at 60°/s angular velocity while the weight-bearing lunge test was conducted to evaluate ankle ROM. For males, strength for both plantarflexors and dorsiflexors were associated with knee kinematics at both heights (30 cm: r = −0.50, p = 0.03; 45 cm: r = −0.45, p = 0.05) during maximum vertical ground reaction force (MVGRF) phase. For females, ankle invertor strength and knee kinematics were associated at both 30cm (r = 0.53; p = 0.02,) and 45 cm landing heights (r = 0.49, p = 0.03), while plantarflexor strength and knee kinematics showed a significant association during initial contact (r = 0.70, p < 0.01) and MVGRF (r = 0.55, p = 0.02) phases at height 30 cm only. Male and female athletes with normal range of DKV showed a significant relationship between ankle strength and knee kinematics at specific landing phases. These relationships varied with increased landing height.

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“…The findings of the current study may be limited to the studied population. Three-dimensional analysis of SLS may provide more insights regarding lower limb biomechanics during this motion (Mohd Azhar et al 2019). Additionally, analysis on muscle synergies during SLS may elucidate the coordination and motor control involved during the motion (Shaharudin et al 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Core Strength, Dynamic Balance and Knee Valgus during Single Leg Squat in Male Junior Athletes

Affandi¹,

Mail²,

Azhar³

et al. 2019

JSM

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This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships between core strength, dynamic balance and knee kinematics during single leg squat. Core strength helps to improve dynamic balance and muscle coordination between lower and upper extremities, as well as reduce injury risks and muscular strength imbalance. Dynamic balance is the ability to maintain a stable position during dynamic tasks and can be used as a predictor of injury risk factors. Thirty-two statelevel male junior athletes with a normal range of dynamic knee valgus were recruited. The participants went through a series of tests that included Modified Plank Test, Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and Single Leg Squat (SLS) test. Two-dimensional knee frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) during SLS was evaluated at a 60° knee flexion. There was a statistically significant correlation between distance reached in anteromedial direction and knee FPPA during SLS in the non-dominant leg (r = 0.374, p = 0.035). There was no significant correlation between duration of plank and knee FPPA during SLS in both dominant and non-dominant legs. The outcomes from this study are important to prevent lower limb injuries in male junior athletes. ABSTRAKKajian ini telah dijalankan untuk menilai hubungan antara kekuatan teras, keseimbangan dinamik serta kinematik lutut semasa mencangkung dengan sebelah kaki. Kekuatan teras membantu untuk memperbaiki keseimbangan dinamik dan koordinasi otot antara bahagian atas dan bawah anggota badan, di samping mengurangkan risiko kecederaan dan ketidakseimbangan kekuatan otot. Keseimbangan dinamik ialah kebolehan untuk mengekalkan posisi yang stabil semasa tugas dinamik dan boleh digunakan sebagai satu peramal faktor risiko kecederaan. Tiga puluh dua atlet junior lelaki peringkat negeri yang mempunyai lutut valgus dinamik dalam anggaran normal, telah direkrut. Peserta menjalani satu siri ujian yang merangkumi Ujian Plank Diubahsuai, Ujian Keseimbangan Pergerakan Bintang (SEBT) dan ujian Mencangkung Sebelah Kaki (SLS). Sudut unjuran lutut dua dimensi pada satah depan (FPPA) semasa SLS telah dinilai pada lutut bengkok bersudut 60°. Terdapat korelasi yang signifikan secara statistiknya antara jarak yang dicapai dalam arah anteromedial dan FPPA lutut semasa SLS pada kaki tidak dominan (r = 0.374, p = 0.035). Tiada korelasi yang signifikan antara tempoh plank dan FPPA lutut semasa SLS pada kedua-dua kaki dominan dan tidak dominan. Hasil daripada kajian ini adalah penting untuk mencegah kecederaan anggota bawah badan dalam kalangan atlet junior lelaki.Kata kunci: Atlet muda; biomekanik; lutut valgus dinamik; rantaian kinetik atas bawah

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The effects of foot position on lower extremity kinematics during single leg squat among adolescent male athletes

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

The effects of hip- and ankle-focused exercise intervention on dynamic knee valgus: a systematic review

The effects of hip- and ankle-focused exercise intervention on dynamic knee valgus: a systematic review

Bottom-Up Kinetic Chain in Drop Landing among University Athletes with Normal Dynamic Knee Valgus

Relationships between Core Strength, Dynamic Balance and Knee Valgus during Single Leg Squat in Male Junior Athletes

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