The effects of food restriction on hematology, clinical chemistry and pathology in the albino rat

Schwartz, Edward; Tornaben, John A.; Boxill, Gale C.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(73)90020-3

Cited by 60 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…ent with those in previous reports (Schwartz et al 1973;Oishi et al, 1979;Pickering and Pickering, 1984;Levin et al, 1993). Increases in erythroid parameters were considered due to dehydration since drinking behav- Table 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Inconsistent results on blood glucose, BUN and liver enzymes have been reported as a consequence of food reduction; increases (Levin et al, 1993), decreases (Oishi et al, 1979;Pickering and Pickering, 1984), and no changes (Schwartz et al, 1973) in blood glucose; increases (Schwartz et al, 1973;Levin et al, 1993) and decreases (Pickering and Pickering, 1984) in BUN; increases (Schwartz et al, 1973;Levin et al, 1993) and decreases (Oishi et al, 1979;Pickering and Pickering, 1984) in liver enzymes. In the present study, serum glucose was decreased, and BUN and liver enzymes (AST and ALT) were increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to from non-specific ones attributable to undernutrition because it has been reported that toxicological parameters are often affected by decreases in food consumption (Schwartz et al, 1973;Oishi et al, 1979;Pickering and Pickering, 1984;Levin et al, 1993). Most of the studies have focused on limited parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of reduced food intake on toxicity study parameters in rats

Moriyama¹,

Tsujioka²,

Ohira³

et al. 2008

J. Toxicol. Sci.

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-This study comprehensively describes the effects of various levels of food reduction on a wide range of toxicological parameters in dietary-optimized rats (fed with approximately 75% of ad libitum food consumption daily; 16 g and 22 g/day for females and males, respectively) that has been established as a nutritionally appropriate and well-controlled animal model in conducting toxicity studies. Toxicological parameters, including general condition, ophthalmology, clinical pathology and anatomic pathology, were examined in dietary-optimized Crl:CD(SD) female and male rats fed 16 g and 22 g/day (control), 12 g and 17 g/day (75% group), 8 g and 11 g/day (50% group), or 4 g and 6 g/day (25% group), respectively for 2 weeks. There was mortality and morbidity including reddish urine in 25% -cular hemolysis induced by severe food reduction. Hemoconcentration, decreased leukocytes and platelets, decreases in nutritional elements (serum glucose, protein, and lipids), increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, imbalanced electrolytes, and/or decreased urinary pH were observed in all restriction groups. Histopathologically remarkable changes included erythrophagocytosis in the spleen/liver and renal tubular necrosis with hyaline cast/droplets in 25% group; in addition to bone marrow depletion, lymphoid depletion in thymus/spleen/lymph node, and/or decreased secretion in the prostate/seminal vesicle in all restriction groups. Most of these changes were considered attributable to nutrifood reduction. These results will enable toxicologists to help distinguish primary drug-induced effects from secondary changes associated with decreases in food consumption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of reduced food intake on toxicity study parameters in rats

Moriyama¹,

Tsujioka²,

Ohira³

et al. 2008

J. Toxicol. Sci.

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“…In addition, a decrease in the weight of the liver was observed in the LF group. A reduced food intake is known to affect the weight of the liver in dogs (Takamatsu et al, 2015) and rats (Schwartz et al, 1973;Oishi et al, 1979;Pickering and Pickering, 1984;Levin et al, 1993;Seki et al, 1997;Yoshii et al, 2003;Moriyama et al, 2008), and the liver weight is reportedly associated with variations in the water and glycogen contents arising from feeding in rats (Leveille and Chakrabarty, 1967;Rothacker et al, 1988). Thus, the decrease in the weight of the liver observed in the LF group in the present study was considered to be mainly related to a decrease in glycogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Effects of reduced food intake for 4 weeks on physiological parameters in toxicity studies in dogs

et al. 2017

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-This study sought to clarify the effects of reduced feeding on physiological parameters in dogs to enable appropriate evaluations of the safety and toxicity of test compounds. We measured alkaline phosphatase isozymes and the circulating blood volume, as well as clinical signs, body weight, hematology, blood chemistry, electrocardiography, organ weight, and histopathology, in male beagle dogs fed a diet consisting of 300 g/day or 150 g/day for 4 weeks. There were no abnormal clinical signs in any of the dogs. In the 150-g/day feeding group, a decreased alkaline phosphatase 3 suggesting effects on the bone and a decreased circulating blood volume associated with body weight loss were observed. Additionally, the following changes were also observed in the 150-g/day group: a decrease in body weight; hematologic changes including decreases in white blood cells, neutrophils, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit and reticulocytes; blood chemical changes including decreases in aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and calcium and an increase in the creatinine at week 1 or thereafter; electrocardiographic changes including a decrease in the heart rate, a prolonged QRS duration and the occurrence of a seconddegree atrioventricular block at week 3 or thereafter; and pathological changes including decreases in the weights of the liver and thymus, a decrease in hepatocyte rarefaction, and thymic atrophy. These results provide useful information for assessing the safety of compounds in toxicological studies, enabling direct treatment effects and secondary changes caused by decreased food intake to be distinguished.

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“…General poor condition altered organ weights and biochemical parameters of these animals. Increases in relative brain and testes weights and increases in serum biochemical parameters (other than blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) have been reported in rats with food restrictions and body weight gain suppression (6,9,12,13). The increases in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in treated animals were primarily due to the renal lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Renal Toxicity of a Nondopaminergic Antipsychotic Agent, Trimethyl Imidazopyrazolopyrimidine, in Rats

Macallum¹,

Albassam²

1994

Toxicol Pathol

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A nondopaminergic antipsychotic agent, 5-ethyl-l,3,8-trimethyl-lH-imidazo [ 1,2-c]pyrazolo[3,4-elpyrimidine (TIPP; PD 112488), has been tested for potential toxicity in rats. As part o f a preclinical safety evaluation, 10 Wistar rats per sex were administered TIPP as a dietary admixture, receiving doses of 0, 5, 10,20, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 2 wk. In addition, 3 groups of 6 male Wistar rats were administered TIPP (PD 114877 and P D 117498, acid hydrolysis products of TIPP) at 100 mg/kg by gavage for 5 days. All animals given 200 mg/kg were euthanatized in moribund condition or found dead after 1 wk oftreatment. Clinical evidence of renal toxicity was noted and included emaciation, hematuria, urinary incontinence, and enlarged kidneys at doses of 10 mg/kg and higher. Plasma urea levels were higher than those of controls in all TIPP-treated groups. Significant pathologic changes of the urothelium were evident at all doses and were characterized by necrotizing pyelitis and cystitis. Necrosis and inflammation of the urothelium resulted in secondary hydronephrosis. No renal toxicity was noted with the acid hydrolysis products. The urothelial changes with oral administration of TIPP in rats is species-specific, and the specificity may be related to the metabolism and excretion of the drug.Urolhelial toxicity and hyperplasia; urinary bladder; renal pelvis; kidney; rat; antipsychotics Keywora'x.

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The effects of food restriction on hematology, clinical chemistry and pathology in the albino rat

Cited by 60 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of reduced food intake on toxicity study parameters in rats

Effects of reduced food intake on toxicity study parameters in rats

Effects of reduced food intake for 4 weeks on physiological parameters in toxicity studies in dogs

Renal Toxicity of a Nondopaminergic Antipsychotic Agent, Trimethyl Imidazopyrazolopyrimidine, in Rats

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