The effects of fish oil on gene expression in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Rahmani, Elham; Jamilian, Mehri; Dadpour, Bahareh; Nezami, Zahra; Vahedpoor, Zahra; Mahmoodi, Samaneh; Aghadavod, Esmat; Taghizadeh, Mohsen; Hassan, Abolfazl Beiki; Asemi, Zatollah

doi:10.1111/eci.12893

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Contextual microarray analysis of PBMC demonstrated positive effects on αα target genes related to lipid metabolism and on NRF2 -regulated antioxidant enzymes [ 84 ]. In line with this evidence, negative effects of fish and vegetable oil (ω3 PUFA- and MUFA-rich, respectively) supplementations on PBMC inflammatory pathways have been also demonstrated in elderly individuals [ 86 ], in subjects with Alzheimer’s disease [ 85 ], and in a cohort of women with polycystic ovary syndrome [ 87 ], thus further highlighting the role of ω3 PUFA intake in redirecting immune responses in conditions where chronic inflammation plays a pathogenic role. Conversely, some other studies failed to demonstrate any change in the expression of inflammatory genes in PBMC after supplementation with either nutritional doses or high pharmacologic doses of EPA and DHA [ 88 ], or after fatty fish intake [ 68 ].…”

Section: Fatty Acids and Immune Cells: Regulation Of Transcription Factors Inflammatory Pathways And Effector Functionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Dietary Fatty Acids at the Crossroad between Obesity and Colorectal Cancer: Fine Regulators of Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Immune Response

Cornò

Varì

Scazzocchio

et al. 2021

Cells

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the major threatening diseases worldwide, being the third most common cancer, and a leading cause of death, with a global incidence expected to increase in the coming years. Enhanced adiposity, particularly visceral fat, is a major risk factor for the development of several tumours, including CRC, and represents an important indicator of incidence, survival, prognosis, recurrence rates, and response to therapy. The obesity-associated low-grade chronic inflammation is thought to be a key determinant in CRC development, with the adipocytes and the adipose tissue (AT) playing a significant role in the integration of diet-related endocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory signals. Furthermore, AT infiltrating immune cells contribute to local and systemic inflammation by affecting immune and cancer cell functions through the release of soluble mediators. Among the factors introduced with diet and enriched in AT, fatty acids (FA) represent major players in inflammation and are able to deeply regulate AT homeostasis and immune cell function through gene expression regulation and by modulating the activity of several transcription factors (TF). This review summarizes human studies on the effects of dietary FA on AT homeostasis and immune cell functions, highlighting the molecular pathways and TF involved. The relevance of FA balance in linking diet, AT inflammation, and CRC is also discussed. Original and review articles were searched in PubMed without temporal limitation up to March 2021, by using fatty acid as a keyword in combination with diet, obesity, colorectal cancer, inflammation, adipose tissue, immune cells, and transcription factors.

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Section: Fatty Acids and Immune Cells: Regulation Of Transcription Factors Inflammatory Pathways And Effector Functionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Dietary Fatty Acids at the Crossroad between Obesity and Colorectal Cancer: Fine Regulators of Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Immune Response

Cornò

Varì

Scazzocchio

et al. 2021

Cells

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“…Figure 1 shows the search results and a flowchart of the study selection [ 10 , 11 , 19 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. The initial literature search yielded a total of 1814 records after duplicate exclusion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nine cohort studies [ 10 , 19 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ] investigated the association between omega-3 FA intake and IGE, totaling 473 patients. Our results demonstrate that omega-3 fatty acid intake significantly upregulated the gene expression of PPAR-γ (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.52, 1.38) ( Figure 2 A), with moderate heterogeneity ( I 2 = 83.9%; p = 0.03).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on Inflammatory Gene Expression and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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The health benefits of omega-3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation on inflammatory gene expression (IGE) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are becoming more evident. However, an overview of the results from randomized controlled trials is lacking. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid intake on MS (based on the criteria of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)) and inflammatory gene expression (IGE). A search was conducted of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for cohort studies published from the inception of the database up to May 2022 that assessed the associations of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) with EDSS and inflammatory gene expression (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8)) outcomes. For the highest vs. lowest comparison, the relative risk (RR) estimates with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using the random-effect model. In total, 13 cohort studies with 1353 participants were included in the meta-analysis during periods of 3 to 144 weeks. A significant inverse relationship was found between DHA and EDSS scores (RR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.62, 1.48; p < 0.00001). Our results also showed that omega-3 FAs significantly upregulated the gene expression of PPAR-γ (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.52, 1.38; p < 0.03) and downregulated the expression of TNF-α (RR: −0.15; 95% CI: −0.99, 0.70; p < 0.00001) and IL-1 (RR: −0.60; 95% CI: −1.02, −0.18; p < 0.003). There was no clear evidence of publication bias with Egger’s tests for inflammatory gene expression (p = 0.266). Moreover, n-3 PUFAs and EPA were not significantly associated with EDSS scores (p > 0.05). In this meta-analysis of cohort studies, blood omega-3 FA concentrations were inversely related to inflammatory gene expression (IGE) and EDSS score, which indicates that they may hold great potential markers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of MS. However, further clinical trials are required to confirm the potential effects of the omega-3 FAs on MS disease management.

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“…Therefore, insulin reduction could influence the TNF elevation (Oner and Muderris 2013). Fish oil supplementation for 12 weeks for women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome also improved complementing PPAR-γ, IL-1 and IL-8 gene expression, but did not influence LP(a), LDLR, GLUT gene expression -1, TNF-α and TGF-β (Rahmani et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Omega-3 supplementation in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) – a review of clinical trials and cohort

Thomas

Silva

Freitas

et al. 2022

Endocrine Regulations

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women associated with cardiovascular disease and obesity. The possible benefits of omega-3 supplementation in this syndrome have been discussed much. This study is aimed to verify, based on the scientific data published, if there are any benefits in the omega-3 supplementation in the treatment of PCOS and to indicate its possible dosages for the treatment of polycystic ovary. The work consists of a systematic review of clinical trials and cohort of the MEDLINE/PubMed database from 2009 to October 2019. All studies that analyzed the omega-3 supplementation in women with PCOS were included. Cross-sectional studies, review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, duplicates, studies in animals or cell culture, studies with omega-3 supplementation via food or associated with other supplementations were not included, except those involving vitamin E. In total, 21 articles were selected. Despite the heterogeneity of the studies selected, indirect benefits were observed mainly regarding the glycemic profile, such as insulin resistance reduction, lipid profile modulation (i.e. decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and elevation of high-density lipoprotein), and the regulation of the androgenic profile. As for the anthropometric profile, the studies were scarce and most of them had no significant meaning. Regarding the antioxidant profile and inflammatory biomarkers, the findings differ among studies, but promising results were observed with different doses over 12 weeks of use, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) reduction. Thus, omega-3 fatty acids promote indirect benefits in the treating of women with PCOS. However, to reveal well-defined standards for dosage and supplementation time, further studies are needed.

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The effects of fish oil on gene expression in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract: Overall, fish oil supplementation for 12 weeks to subjects with PCOS significantly improved gene expression of PPAR-γ, IL-1 and IL-8, but did not influence gene expression of LP(a), LDLR, GLUT-1, TNF-α and TGF-β.

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Dietary Fatty Acids at the Crossroad between Obesity and Colorectal Cancer: Fine Regulators of Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Immune Response

Dietary Fatty Acids at the Crossroad between Obesity and Colorectal Cancer: Fine Regulators of Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Immune Response

Association of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on Inflammatory Gene Expression and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Omega-3 supplementation in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) – a review of clinical trials and cohort

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