The effects of feeding regimen and dietary sucrose supplementation on natural abundance of 15N in some components of ruminal fluid and plasma of sheep1

Sutoh, Madoka; Obara, Yoshiaki; Yoneyama, T.

doi:10.2527/1993.711226x

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…In the present study, rumen bacteria were 15 N enriched relative to diets (average of 0.93‰) in agreement with in vivo studies (Sutoh et al, 1987 (average of 2.17‰) ; Sutoh et al, 1993 (average of 3.29‰)), but not with in vitro assays (Wattiaux and Reed, 1995 (rumen bacteria depleted in 15 N relative to substrates)). Isotopic N fractionation in bacteria may occur during assimilation, synthesis, transfer and excretion of N compounds (Macko et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In this scenario, 15 N enrichment of rumen bacteria relative to diet would only occur if ammonia production from AA catabolism were much higher than bacteria ammonia uptake. In fact, in most ruminant feeding situations the ammonia dynamics would probably lean toward ammonia production from protein catabolism v. ammonia incorporation into microbial cells (Nolan and Leng, 1972), which may explain why rumen bacteria are generally enriched in 15 N relative to diet (Sutoh et al, 1987 and1993). However, as the percentage of rumen ammonia N taken up by rumen bacteria increases and the ammonia production by rumen bacteria decreases (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as the percentage of rumen ammonia N taken up by rumen bacteria increases and the ammonia production by rumen bacteria decreases (i.e. improvement in rumen N efficiency), the rumen ammonia pool becomes smaller and 15 N enriched (Sutoh et al, 1993;Wattiaux and Reed, 1995), whereas that of rumen bacteria becomes larger and more 15 N depleted (Wattiaux and Reed, 1995). This brought us to hypothesize that the 15 N enrichment of rumen bacteria relative to diet might reflect the ENU at the rumen level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another possible explanation is that rumen available N only takes into account degradable feed N and not urea-N recycled to the rumen, which has been demonstrated to be affected by dietary CP level (Sarraseca et al, 1998). As plasma urea (Sutoh et al, 1993;Sick et al, 1997) and therefore urine (Cheng et al, 2011;Cantalapiedra-Hijar et al, 2015) are consistently depleted in 15 N relative to diet, urea recycled to the rumen and taken up by rumen bacteria would favor both 15 N depletion of rumen bacteria cells and rumen N use efficiency. Hence, the positive relationship between Δ 15 N of rumen bacteria and MNE found in this experiment (Figure 3a) could also be explained by the link between endogenous urea-N capture by rumen microorganisms (resulting in 15 N depletion of rumen bacteria) and the AA flowing to the duodenum (Al-Dehneh et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As of its role in AA catabolism, the liver has been proposed as a key organ contributing to this isotopic N fractionation (Sick et al, 1997;Cantalapiedra-Hijar et al, 2015). In addition, previous findings in ruminants suggest an important role of rumen bacteria in the natural 15 N enrichment of animal proteins relative to diet (Δ 15 N animal-diet ; Sutoh et al, 1987 and1993;Wattiaux and Reed, 1995). However, to date, the potential contribution of rumen digestion to natural 15 N bioaccumulation and thus its impact on the relationship between ENU and the animal isotopic N fractionation (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between efficiency of nitrogen utilization and isotopic nitrogen fractionation in dairy cows: contribution of digestion v. metabolism?

Cantalapiedra-Hijar

Fouillet

Huneau

et al. 2016

animal

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Animal tissues are naturally 15 N enriched relative to their diet and the extent of this difference (Δ 15 N animal-diet ) has been correlated to the efficiency of N assimilation in different species. The rationale is that transamination and deamination enzymes, involved in amino acid metabolism are likely to preferentially convert amino groups containing 14 N over 15 N. However, in ruminants the contribution of rumen bacterial metabolism relative to animal tissues metabolism to naturally enrich animal proteins in terms of 15 N has been not assessed yet. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of rumen and digestion processes on the relationship between Δ 15 N animal-diet and efficiency of N utilization for milk protein yield (milk N efficiency (MNE); milk N yield/N intake) as well as the relationship between the 15 N natural abundance of rumen bacteria and the efficiency of N use at the rumen level. Solid-and liquid-associated rumen bacteria, duodenal digesta, feces and plasma proteins were obtained (n = 16) from four lactating Holstein cows fed four different diets formulated at two metabolizable protein supplies (80% v. 110% of protein requirements) crossed by two different dietary energy source (diets rich in starch v. fiber). We measured the isotopic N fractionation between animal and diet (Δ 15 N animal-diet ) in these different body pools. The Δ 15 N animal-diet was negatively correlated with MNE when measured in solid-associated rumen bacteria, duodenal digesta, feces and plasma proteins, with the strongest correlation found for the latter. However, our results showed a very weak 15 N enrichment of duodenal digesta (Δ 15 N duodenal digesta-diet mean value = 0.42) compared with that observed in plasma proteins (Δ 15 N plasma protein-diet mean value = 2.41). These data support the idea that most of the isotopic N fractionation observed in ruminant proteins (Δ 15 N plasma protein-diet ) has a metabolic origin with very little direct impact of the overall digestion process on the existing relationship between Δ 15 N plasma protein-diet and MNE. The 15 N natural abundance of rumen bacteria was not related to either rumen N efficiency (microbial N/available N) or digestive N efficiency (metabolizable protein supply/CP intake), but showing a modest positive correlation with rumen ammonia concentration. When using diets not exceeding recommended protein levels, the contribution of rumen bacteria and digestion to the isotopic N fractionation between animal proteins and diet is low. In our conditions, most of the isotopic N fractionation (Δ 15 N plasma protein-diet ) could have a metabolic origin, but more studies are warranted to confirm this point with different diets and approaches. ImplicationsThe difference in the natural abundance of 15 N between an animal and its diet (Δ 15 N animal-diet ) is a good biomarker for predicting the efficiency of N utilization. Our results in dairy cows fed diets not exceeding recommended protein levels demonstrate that digestion processes contribute little to the r...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Relationship between efficiency of nitrogen utilization and isotopic nitrogen fractionation in dairy cows: contribution of digestion v. metabolism?

Cantalapiedra-Hijar

Fouillet

Huneau

et al. 2016

animal

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Geographical patterns of human diet derived from stable-isotope analysis of fingernails

Nardoto

Silva

Kendall

et al. 2006

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

118

124

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Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of human fingernails were measured in 490 individuals in the western US and 273 individuals in southeastern Brazil living in urban areas, and 53 individuals living in a moderately isolated area in the central Amazon region of Brazil and consuming mostly locally grown foods. In addition, we measured the carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of common food items to assess the extent to which these isotopic signatures remain distinct for people eating both omnivorous and vegetarian diets and living in different parts of the world, and the extent to which dietary information can be interpreted from these analyses. Fingernail delta13C values (mean +/- standard deviation) were -15.4 +/- 1.0 and -18.8 +/- 0.8 per thousand and delta15N values were 10.4 +/- 0.7 and 9.4 +/- 0.6 per thousand for southeastern Brazil and western US populations, respectively. Despite opportunities for a "global supermarket" effect to swamp out carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in these two urbanized regions of the world, differences in the fingernail isotope ratios between southeastern Brazil and western US populations persisted, and appeared to be more associated with regional agricultural and animal production practices. Omnivores and vegetarians from Brazil and the US were isotopically distinct, both within and between regions. In a comparison of fingernails of individuals from an urban city and isolated communities in the Amazonian region, the urban region was similar to southeastern Brazil, whereas individuals from isolated nonurban communities showed distinctive isotopic values consistent with their diets and with the isotopic values of local foods. Although there is a tendency for a "global supermarket" diet, carbon and nitrogen isotopes of human fingernails hold dietary information directly related to both food sources and dietary practices in a region.

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Ruminal use of undegraded‐feed soluble protein and accuracy of the estimations of the nutrient content in ruminal bacteria

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND: The possible escape from the rumen of undegraded-feed soluble proteins (SP) was investigated using nitrogen-15 ( 15 N) infusions (25 mg) in three rumen and duodenum cannulated wethers. Animals were fed three isoproteic diets differing in SP content and including protein concentrates either untreated (control) or treated with solutions of either malic acid (MHT) or orthophosphoric acid (OHT) and heat. RESULTS: Compared with control, MHT and OHT diets reduced ruminal concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen (NH 3 -N) by 35.9% (P = 0.007), non-ammonia nitrogen (NAN) by 36.8% (P = 0.007), and SP-nitrogen (SP-N) by 45.2% (P = 0.072) over the post-feeding period. Both NAN and SP-N were lower (P ≤ 0.040) for OHT than for MHT diet. The 15 N enrichment of NAN and SP-N did not vary either among diets or with time, and both values were closely related (R 2 = 0.965; P < 0. 001). Estimations, either using solid-associated bacteria (SAB) or liquid-associated bacteria (LAB) as a reference, indicated that 0.983 and 0.894 of SP-N (values averaged across diets) was of microbial origin, respectively, which would indicate a practically negligible ruminal escape of feed SP-N. Values of 15 N-enrichment in SAB and LAB fitted well to previously published SAB-LAB relationships, indicating a 22% underevaluation of the N supply from SAB when only LAB is used as a reference.CONCLUSION: Both the negligible ruminal escape of feed SP and the underevaluation of the bacterial nutrient supply as a consequence of the use of LAB as the only bacterial reference should be considered to improve ruminant protein feeding systems. Industry Data were analysed using the PROC MIXED of SAS version 9.3. 24 Characteristics of MFRL (pH, N fractions, proportions of microbial origin and 15 N enrichments) were analysed as repeated measures. The statistical model included diet, sampling time and

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The effects of feeding regimen and dietary sucrose supplementation on natural abundance of 15N in some components of ruminal fluid and plasma of sheep1

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Relationship between efficiency of nitrogen utilization and isotopic nitrogen fractionation in dairy cows: contribution of digestion v. metabolism?

Relationship between efficiency of nitrogen utilization and isotopic nitrogen fractionation in dairy cows: contribution of digestion v. metabolism?

Geographical patterns of human diet derived from stable-isotope analysis of fingernails

Ruminal use of undegraded‐feed soluble protein and accuracy of the estimations of the nutrient content in ruminal bacteria

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