The effects of feeding level upon protein and fat deposition in Iberian heavy pigs

García-Valverde, R.; Barea, R.; Lara, L.; Nieto, R.; Aguilera, J. F.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2007.05.005

Cited by 41 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This is not surprising as it has been previously reported for IB (Nieto et al, 2002;Barea et al, 2007;García-Valverde et al, 2008) and other genotypes (Campbell and Taverner, 1988;Quiniou et al, 1996;Noblet et al, 1999, etc.). On the other hand, the higher G : F observed in pigs fed diet A for fattening and the overall experimental period may be related to the variation in the dietary CP requirements of the two genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Effects of pig genotype (Iberian v. Landrace × Large White) on nutrient digestibility, relative organ weight and small intestine structure at two stages of growth

Barea

Nieto

Vitari

et al. 2011

Animal

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Although the effects of pig genotype on total-tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) have been widely reported in the literature, there is controversial information on the digestive capacity of indigenous breeds compared with lean-type pigs. The strategy of this study was to test the effects of pig genotype and crude protein (CP) supply on performance, digestive utilization of nutrients, relative organ weight and morphometric analysis of the small intestine. Thirty-eight Iberian (IB) and Landrace 3 Large White (LD) pigs were used. Three pigs per genotype were slaughtered at approximately 15 kg BW. The remaining pigs were fed one of two diets differing in CP content (13% or 17% as fed) using a pair-fed procedure. Feeding level was restricted at 0.8 3 ad libitum of IB pigs. Nutrient digestibility and nitrogen (N) balance trials were performed at 30 and 80 kg BW. Four pigs per dietary treatment and genotype were slaughtered at approximately 50 and 115 kg BW. The gastrointestinal tract and the rest of the visceral organs were weighed and samples of the small intestine were taken to carry out histological and histometrical studies. Daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio were higher in LD than in IB pigs during the fattening and growing-fattening periods ( P , 0.01). N TTAD was significantly higher for LD pigs at 30 kg BW ( P , 0.05), whereas at 80 kg BW we observed greater values for digestibility of organic matter and energy in IB pigs (averaging 1.5%, P , 0.01). Both N retention (NR) and efficiency of NR were increased in LD pigs at 30 and 80 kg BW (30% as mean value). The proportional weight of the small intestine was greater in LD than in IB pigs at 50 and 115 kg BW. Histometry showed that IB presented a lower muscle layer thickness than LD pigs in ileum, irrespective of the BW ( P , 0.05). In contrast, LD pigs showed approximately 10% higher ileal villi length and villi-to-crypt ratio than IB pigs at 115 kg BW. CP supply affected to a larger extent the small intestinal micro-anatomical structure of LD pigs at 50 kg BW. In conclusion, our results suggests that although the higher growth rate, NR and efficiency of NR observed in LD pigs might be associated with presumably more efficient structural aspects of the small intestine, the main differences between the two genotypes should be attributed to a larger extent to protein and energy utilization in tissues with consequences for the overall efficiency of energy use.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Effects of pig genotype (Iberian v. Landrace × Large White) on nutrient digestibility, relative organ weight and small intestine structure at two stages of growth

Barea

Nieto

Vitari

et al. 2011

Animal

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“…Dietary crude protein [CP, g kg -1 dry matter (DM)], Lysine (Lys, g kg -1 DM) and ME (MJ kg -1 DM) contents, respectively, were in the range of 101 to 223, 7.32 to 16.16 and 14.6 to 15.5 (Nieto et al, 2002a), 123 to 201, 8.90 to 14.54 and14.6 to 14.7 (CondeAguilera et al, 2011a), and 70 to 145, 4.77 to 9.89 and 13.9 to 14.8 (Barea et al, 2007). In the study by García-Valverde et al (2008), a single level of ideal protein was assayed (95 g kg -1 DM; 7.09 g Lys kg -1 DM), and the experimental diet contained 14.8 MJ kg -1 DM of ME.…”

Section: Animals Feed and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…For this purpose, the mean relationship between BW and empty-body weight (EBW) at slaughter (obtained by adding all the body components collected) was determined and applied together with the analytical data of the initial group. Total body R. Nieto et al / Span J Agric Res (2014) Nieto et al (2003), according to a 6 (dietary protein content) × 3 FL factorial arrangement with 4 individually housed piglets per combination of treatments; Barea et al (2006), following a 4 (dietary protein content) × 3 FL factorial arrangement with 6 to 7 individually housed pigs per combination of treatments; and García-Valverde et al (2008), with 5 to 6 pigs per FL. b ApDP:ME = Apparent digestible protein to ME ratio.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ninety-nine of these pigs received an adequate dietary treatment, i.e., an optimal or sub-optimal supply of AA relative to energy in their diet (leading to no differences in whole-body protein deposition when offered at the same feeding level). The pigs used in the experiments were described by Nieto et al (2002a), Barea et al (2007), García-Valverde et al (2008), and CondeAguilera et al (2011a). Protein-and fat deposition rates are reported there.…”

Section: Animals Feed and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The range of corresponding body weight (BW) was 15-50, 50-100, 100-150, or 10-25 kg for those experiments, respectively. Data on carcass composition, carcass traits and primal cuts at these BW ranges have been published elsewhere (Nieto et al, 2003;Barea et al, 2006;García-Valverde et al, 2008;Conde-Aguilera et al, 2011b). All pigs were purebred castrated boars of the Silvela strain supplied by a single breeding company (Sánchez Romero Carvajal Jabugo S.A., El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain).…”

Section: Animals Feed and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An analysis of the composition of gain and growth of primal cuts of Iberian pigs of 10 to 150 kg body weight as affected by the level of feeding and dietary protein concentration

Nieto

Lara

Barea

et al. 2014

Span. j. agric. res.

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A meta-analysis was made of data from a total of 211 growing-finishing Iberian (IB) pigs from four separate and independent sets of trials. Within each set of trials, a factorial arrangement of treatments was used, involving several concentrations of ideal protein in the diets and two or three levels of feed intake. Pigs were slaughtered at several stages of growth from 10 to 150 kg body weight (BW). The partition of dietary protein in the body of the pigs, the empty-body gain (EBG), the chemical composition of EBG, growth of primal cuts in the cold eviscerated carcass (without head, feet, and tail), and mass of dissected tissues in trimmed shoulder and ham were determined. Linear regression equations allowed estimating N requirements for maintenance as 175 mg/(kg BW 0.75 · kg dry-matter intake) · d -1 and an average value for the net efficiency of utilization of the dietary protein apparently absorbed of 0.386. In pigs offered adequate protein to energy diets, EBG was predicted as a function of average BW and feeding level (p < 0.001). Multiple regression equations were constructed, which derived nutrient (g kg -1 ) or energy (MJ kg -1 ) composition of EBG as a function of empty-body weight (EBW), dietary protein to energy ratio, and level of feeding (p < 0.001). These predictive equations, not applicable to pigs of lean and conventional genotypes, can contribute to the design of optimal feeding strategies to improve the efficiency of IB pig production systems and to achieve high quality standards in end products for the market.Additional key words: energy intake; feed restriction; protein-to-energy ratio; Iberian barrows. * Corresponding author: jose.aguilera@eez.csic.es Received: 18-03-14. Accepted: 13-10-14.Abbreviations used: AA (amino acid); ADG (average daily gain); ApDN (apparent digestible nitrogen); ApDP:ME (apparent digestible protein-to-metabolizable energy ratio); BW (body weight); CC (cold eviscerated carcass); CP (crude protein); DM (dry matter); EBG (empty-body gain); EBW (empty-body weight); FL (feeding level); GE (gross energy); IB (Iberian); k f (partial efficiency of ME utilization for fat deposition); k p (partial efficiency of ME utilization for protein deposition); ME (metabolizable energy); ME m (ME requirements for maintenance); NI (N intake); N m (N requirements for maintenance); NR (N retention); PD (protein deposition); PD max (maximum potential for PD); ΔPD/ΔME (marginal efficiency for PD); RSD (residual standard deviation).

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A Bacillus subtilis strain as probiotic in poultry: selection based on in vitro functional properties and enzymatic potentialities

Hmani

Daoud

Jlidi

et al. 2017

Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

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We have proposed and validate an in vitro probiotic selection, based on enzymatic potentialities associated to well-established probiotic functional properties. A new Bacillus subtilis HB2 isolate, selected based on its high extracellular enzyme production, was chosen as a probiotic candidate for application as animal feed supplement. The HB2 strain showed an excellent acid and bile salts tolerance, a strong adhesion to chick enterocytes and produced antimicrobials against pathogens. An in vivo trial in poultry farming was conducted to evaluate the HB2 probiotic performance. After 35 days, HB2 achieved the higher growth performance than the control groups. The mortality and the feed conversion ratio were significantly decreased. Finally, the HB2 treated group showed wet litter and less severe ammonia odor in the atmosphere. Our study provides new insights into the importance of enzymatic potentialities, associated with the common functional properties, as a novel approach for probiotic selection.

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The effects of feeding level upon protein and fat deposition in Iberian heavy pigs

Cited by 41 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of pig genotype (Iberian v. Landrace × Large White) on nutrient digestibility, relative organ weight and small intestine structure at two stages of growth

Effects of pig genotype (Iberian v. Landrace × Large White) on nutrient digestibility, relative organ weight and small intestine structure at two stages of growth

An analysis of the composition of gain and growth of primal cuts of Iberian pigs of 10 to 150 kg body weight as affected by the level of feeding and dietary protein concentration

A Bacillus subtilis strain as probiotic in poultry: selection based on in vitro functional properties and enzymatic potentialities

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