The Effects of Feed Restriction on Reproductive Function in Swiss CD-1 Mice

Chapin, Robert E.; Gulati, Dushyant K.; Fail, Patricia A.; Hope, E.; Russell, Susan; Heindel, Jerrold J.; George, Julia D.; Grizzle, Thomas B.; Teague, J.Lynn

doi:10.1006/faat.1993.1002

Cited by 41 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…In a study of the effect of feed restriction on reproductive function in Swiss CD-1 mice, Chapin et al 34 found that even a 30% decrease in body weight gain had only minimal reproductive effects. Although different species probably respond differently, Chapin et al 35 also showed that the reproductive system of male rats was relatively resistant to body weight reduction down to 70% of control body weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of aggression, sexual behavior and fertility in adult male rat following long-term ingestion of four industrial metals salts

1998

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1 The effect of long-term ingestion of the industrial metals salts, manganese sulfate, aluminum chloride, lead acetate and copper chloride was investigated on aggression, sexual behavior and fertility in male rat. Adult male rats ingested solutions of these salts along with drinking water at a concentration of 1000 p.p.m. for 12 weeks. 2 Male rat sexual behavior was suppressed after the ingestion of manganese sulfate, aluminum chloride, lead acetate and copper chloride. The ingestion of solutions of these salts markedly prolonged the intromission and ejaculation latencies. Aluminum chloride and copper chloride reduced the copulatory efficiency. 3 Male rat aggression was also abolished after the ingestion of manganese sulfate, aluminum chloride, lead acetate and copper chloride. The ingestion of solutions of these salts markedly suppressed lateralizations, boxing bouts, fight with stud male and ventral presenting postures. 4 Fertility was reduced in male rats ingested with lead acetate. The total number of resorptions was increased in female rats impregnated by males ingested with manganese sulfate and lead acetate. 5 Body, absolute or relative testes, seminal vesicles weights were dropped in adult male rats ingested with manganese sulfate, aluminum chloride, lead acetate and copper chloride. However, the absolute or relative preputial gland weights were not affected. Collectively, these results suggest that the long-term ingestion of manganese sulfate, aluminum chloride, lead acetate and copper chloride would have adverse effects on sexual behavior, territorial aggression, fertility and the reproductive system of the adult male rat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of aggression, sexual behavior and fertility in adult male rat following long-term ingestion of four industrial metals salts

1998

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“…The results of this and previous studies have demonstrated that ad libitum overfeeding of numerous commercial and experimental diets is the most significant uncontrolled variable affecting the outcomes of the current rodent bioassay used in modern safety assessment (Gries et al, 1982; Ross et al, 1983; Berry, 1986; Chapin et al, 1993a, 1993b; Gumprecht et al, 1993; Roe et al, 1995; Keenan et al, 1994a, 1994b, 1995a, 1995b, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000a, 2000b; Turturro et al, 1995; Capen, 1996; Chiu et al, 1996; Dixit et al, 1996; Hubert et al, 2000; Capen, 2001a, 2001b; Faine et al, 2002; Haseman et al, 2003; Hursting et al, 2003). There is a high correlation between uncontrolled AL food consumption, rapid onset of body weight gain, endocrine disruption of the pituitary axis, obesity and its co-morbidities and low survival currently seen in control laboratory rodents, particularly this stock of SD rats (Seki et al, 1997; Simpkin et al, 1977; Ross et al, 1983; Mietes, 1990; Breese et al, 1991; Sonntag et al, 1994; Roe et al, 1995; Chiu et al, 1996; McShane et al, 1996; Sonntag et al, 1999; Levin et al, 2000; Small et al, 2002; Wan et al, 2003; Roy et al, 2003) Moreover, data on moderate DR-feeding indicate that initial weanling body weight is not the most important determinant factor in survival of this stock (Laroque et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…This results in a better experimental toxicity model by reducing the “noise” of background diseases while allowing an increased duration of exposure to test substances for the evaluation of the potential carcinogenicity and toxicity in long-term studies. The adverse effects of ad libitum (AL)-overfeeding on the early development of many spontaneous tumors and degenerative diseases of this SD outbred stock (Gumprecht et al, 1993; Keenan et al, 1994a, 1994b, 1995a, 1995b, 1996, 1999, 2000a, 2000b; Dixit et al, 1996; Keenan et al, 1997; Hubert et al, 1997; Laroque et al, 1997; Hoe et al, 1998; Vermorel et al, 1998; Hubert et al, 2000; Kemi et al, 2000; Molon-Noblot et al, 2003) and other aged rat strains (McCay et al, 1935; Burek, 1978; Tucker, 1979; Ross et al, 1983; Kritchevsky et al, 1984; Maeda et al, 1985; Berry, 1986; Masoro et al, 1989; Laganiere and Yu, 1989a, 1989b; Yu et al, 1989; Mietes, 1990; Chapin et al, 1993; Grasl-Kraupp et al, 1994; Merry and Holehan, 1994; Sonntag and Yu 1994; Roe et al, 1995; Masoro et al, 1996; Masoro and Austad, 1996; McShane and Wise, 1996; Seki et al, 1997; Kritchevsky, 1999; Sonntag, 1999; Duffy et al, 2001; Haseman et al, 2003; Wan et al, 2003) have been reported. However, the role of AL-overfeeding in the pathogenesis of dietary-induced obesity (DIO) and the metabolic syndrome (syndrome X) associated with adult-onset diabetes, or “diabesity” (Levin et al, 1997; Leiter, 2002; Reifsnyder and Leiter, 2002; Axen et al, 2003) in SD rats has not been fully investigated or exploited as a model of the polygenic diabesity syndrome which is common in heterozygous human populations worldwide (Klinger et al, 1996; Weindruch and Sohal, 1997; Brunner et al, 2001; Eckel et al, 2002;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabesity: A Polygenic Model of Dietary-Induced Obesity from Ad Libitum Overfeeding of Sprague–Dawley Rats and Its Modulation by Moderate and Marked Dietary Restriction

et al. 2005

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This study compared the effects of ad libitum (AL) overfeeding and moderate or marked dietary restriction (DR) on the pathogenesis of a metabolic syndrome of diabesity comprised of age-related degenerative diseases and obesity in a outbred stock of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats [Crl:CD (SD) IGS BR]. SD rats were fed Purina Certified Rodent Diet AL (group 1), DR at 72-79% of AL (group 2), DR at 68-72% of AL (group 3) or DR at 47-48% of AL (group 4) for 106 weeks. Interim necropsies were performed at 13, 26, and 53 weeks, after a 7-day 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-filled minipump implantation. Body weights, organ weights, carcass analysis, in-life data including estrous cyclicity, and histopathology were determined. At 6-7 weeks of age SD rats had 6% body fat. AL-feeding resulted in hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and dietary-induced obesity (DIO) by study week 14, with 25% body fat that progressed to 36-42% body fat by 106 weeks. As early as 14 weeks, key biomarkers developed for spontaneous nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and degenerative changes in multiple organ systems. Early endocrine disruption was indicated by changes in metabolic and endocrine profiles and the early development and progression of lesions in the pituitary, pancreatic islets, adrenals, thyroids, parathyroids, liver, kidneys, and other tissues. Reproductive senescence was seen by 9 months with declines in estrous cyclicity and pathological changes in the reproductive organs of both sexes fed AL or moderate DR, but not marked DR. The diabesity syndrome in AL-fed, DIO SD rats was readily modulated or prevented by moderate to marked DR. Moderate DR of balanced diets resulted in a better toxicology model by significantly improving survival, controlling adult body weight and obesity, reducing the onset, severity, and morbidity of age-related renal, endocrine, metabolic, and cardiac diseases. Moderate DR feeding reduces study-to-study variability, increases treatment exposure time, and increases the ability to distinguish true treatment effects from spontaneous aging. The structural and metabolic differences between the phenotypes of DIO and DR SD rats indicated changes of polygenic expression over time in this outbred stock. AL-overfeeding of SD rats produces a needed model of DIO and diabesity that needs further study of its patterns of polygenic expression and phenotype.

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“…The reproductive effects noted in this study are in general agreement with those reported previously. In adult female laboratory rodents given 30–50% ad lib feed rations, several authors report a gradual change from regular 4‐day cycles over to delayed occurrence of estrus to anestrus (Howland, 1972; Knuth and Friesen, 1983; Chapin et al, 1993b; Seki et al, 1997), and accompanied by adverse effects on fertility parameters (Rasmussen and Fischbeck, 1987; Chapin et al, 1993a). Differences in feed restriction timing in previous studies makes comparisons to the present study difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies report impaired fertility parameters in laboratory animals feed restricted at various ages, for various amounts of time, and with different magnitudes of reduced body weight (Loeb, 1921; Mulinos et al, 1939; Lintern‐Moore and Everitt, 1978; Knuth and Friesen, 1983; Rasmussen and Fischbeck, 1987; Chapin et al, 1993a, b; Seki et al, 1997). None of these studies reported on these effects in a regulatory study design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feed restriction on fertility in female rats

et al. 2005

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For this study type, feed intake at < or = 50% ad lib values (< or = 10 g/day) was inadequate due to the magnitude and rapidity of body weight effects. Estrous parameters appeared slightly more sensitive than functional measures, as body weight changes of approximately 16% appeared near the threshold of changing routinely calculated estrous cycle parameters and were later associated with reduced fertility. In general, body weight differences of 10-15% by themselves were not adverse to normal reproduction (20 g/day).

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The Effects of Feed Restriction on Reproductive Function in Swiss CD-1 Mice

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of aggression, sexual behavior and fertility in adult male rat following long-term ingestion of four industrial metals salts

Assessment of aggression, sexual behavior and fertility in adult male rat following long-term ingestion of four industrial metals salts

Diabesity: A Polygenic Model of Dietary-Induced Obesity from Ad Libitum Overfeeding of Sprague–Dawley Rats and Its Modulation by Moderate and Marked Dietary Restriction

Effects of feed restriction on fertility in female rats

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